이데올로기의 정신분석학적 전유 - 알튀세르와 지젝

This essay tries to exp10re some positive effects of Psychoanalytic paradigm on the understanding of ideology through Althusser and Zitek. Their theoretical works expand the territory of marxism as well as that of psychoanalysis, appropriating important Freudian and Lacanian terms. Despite the common elaborate conceptulization of ideology, their theories of ideological interpellation show a few different points. Althusser emphasizes the eternality and materiality of ideology, which are also the features of the unconscious. Another characteristics of ideology and the unconscious are camouflage and revision(or distortion), the purpose of which is to get integrity and totality. This smooth surface of ideology makes an individual stay in meconnaissance without recognizing the reality around him/her. Althusser calls the subjection of an individual to this falsifying ideology as ideological interpeIlation. An individual becomes (obvious) subject by interpellation where imaginary and symbolic identification works. Zizek tries to pose a question about the obviousness of the interpellation and says that the subject doesn't understand why he/she has been interpellated or even doesn't know the fact that he/she has been interpeIlated. This reveals the incompleteness or the gap of the symbolic. However, this gap is filled with fantasy, kind of "quilting point" of signifiers. Zizek's theory of ideology requests to traverse the fantasy and reach the dimension of "beyond interpellation." According to him, the crossover means approaching "the real" that is the object of ideology. When the boundary of ideology and reality is not clear, Zizek's appropriation of Lacanian terms of "the real" brings hope on the theorization of ideology. The significance of Althusser's work lies in embodying ideology and formulating the relation between ideology and a subject, while that of Zizek's consists in trying to overcome human alienation by revealing the lack of the symbolic (the reality itself).