Computer Graphics / Molecular Mechanics Studies of ${\beta}$-Lactam Antibiotics. Geometry Comparison with X-Ray Crystal Structures

Computer Graphics / Molecular Mechanics Studies of ${\beta}$-Lactam Antibiotics. Geometry Comparison with X-Ray Crystal Structures

Geometries for a number of representative ${\beta}$ -lactam antibiotics (penams, cephems and monobactams) have been calculated by computer graphics/molecular mechanics energy minimization procedures using both MM2 and AMBER force fields. The calculated geometries have been found in reasonable agreement with the geometries reported in the X-ray crystal structures, especially in terms of the pyramidal character of the amide nitrogen in the ${\beta}$-lactam ring and the Cohen distance. Based on these calculations, it is suggested that the nitrogen atom in the monobactams may also have pyramidal geometries in the biologically active conformations.