산지별 마늘의 향기 항산화활성과 열처리 효과

Effects of Heat Treatment and Antioxidant Activity of Aroma on Garlic Harvested in Different Cultivation Areas

생마늘과 열처리에 따른 마늘의 향기 특성과 향기추출물의 항산화활성을 확인하고자 국내산 한지형 마늘 3종(단양, 서산, 의성마늘)과 난지형 마늘 3종(남해, 남도, 대서마늘), 중국산 마늘에 대하여 simultaneous distillation and extraction(SDE) 방법으로 향기 성분을 추출하여 GC/MS로 동정하고 항산화활성을 측정하였다. 생마늘의 주요 향기성분은 allyl methyl sulfide, methyl-2-propenyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, 2-ethylidene-1,3-dithiane, methyl-2-propenyl trisulfide, di-2-propenyl trisulfide 및 2-vinyl- 4H-1,3-dithiin 등으로 나타났다. 항산화활성이 우수한 것으로 알려진 diallyl disulfide, methyl-2-propenyl trisulfide 및 di-2-propenyl trisulfide 등은 중국산 마늘보다 한지형 마늘이 많이 함유하고 있었다. 향기성분은 열처리시 2-propanone, allyl mercaptan, methyl formic acid, 2-methyl butanal 2-methyl thiophene, methyl pyrazine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dithiane 및 2-propenyl propyl disulfide 등이 새롭게 생성되었으며, allyl methyl sulfide, allyl alcohol 및 allyl sulfide 등의 분자량이 작은 화합물의 함량이 증가하였다. 산지별 생마늘의 향기 추출물에 대한 항산화활성은 농도 의존적으로 증가하였으며, 단양, 남해 및 중국산은 각각 20.07, 34.62 및 9.71%의 항산화활성을 나타내었고, 열처리 후에는 각각 79.90, 93.59 및 77.26%로 증가하였다.

The objectives of this study were to compare the aroma characteristics and antioxidant activity of raw and heated garlic ($130^{\circ}C$, 2 hr) from different cultivation areas (Danyang, Seosan, Uiseong Namhae, Namdo, Daeseo and China). The volatile compounds were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation extraction and identified with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. The major volatile compounds of raw garlic were sulfur compounds such as diallyl disulfide, methyl-2-propenyl trisulfide, di-2-propenyl trisulfide etc. After heating, the major volatile compounds were allyl mercaptan, methyl pyrazine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dithiane, 2-propenyl propyl disulfide, allyl methyl sulfide, allyl alcohol, and allyl sulfide etc. The DPPH radical scavenging activity (EDA, %) of volatile compounds from raw garlic and heated garlic was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant activities (EDA, %) of volatile compounds from raw garlic cultivated in Danyang, Namhae and China were 20.07, 34.62, and 9.71% respectively. After heating, these values were increased to 79.90, 93.59, and 77.26% respectively. Results showed that heat treatment significantly enhanced the antioxidant activities (EDA, %) of the garlic.