In-vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Rubus coreanus Miq. on Nitric Oxide, $Interferon-\gamma$, Cycloxygenase-2, and Tumor Necrosis $Factor-\alpha$ Production in the Macrophage like Cell Line RAW 264.7 Activated by Lipopolysccharide

In-vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Rubus coreanus Miq. on Nitric Oxide, $Interferon-\gamma$, Cycloxygenase-2, and Tumor Necrosis $Factor-\alpha$ Production in the Macrophage like Cell Line RAW 264.7 Activated by Lipopolysccharide

To search for immunoactive natural products exerting anti-inflammatory activity, we have evaluated the effects of the ethanol extracts of Rubus coreanus Miq. (ERC) on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$, and $Interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$ production by RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Our data indicate that this extract is a potent inhibitor of NO production and it also significantly decreased $IFN-{\gamma}\;and\;TNF-{\alpha}$ production. Consistent with these results, the protein level of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was inhibited by ethanol extracts of ERC in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that ERC may exert anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects possibly by suppressing the inducible NO synthase and COX-2 expressions.