가정의 위험요소와 적응의 관계에서 자아 탄력성, 애착, 실존적 영성의 매개 효과 검증

본 연구는 유성경, 심혜원(2002)의 연구에서 분석된 자료를 재분석하여 자아탄력성, 애착, 실존적 영성이 가정의 위험요소와 적응 수준 간에 매개역할을 하는지를 구조방정식을 통해 확인하였다. 매개 역할을 검증하기 위해 두 가지 매개 모형을 설정하였다. 모형1은 모든 보호요소들의 병렬적으로 매개변인 역할을 하는 모형이며, 모형2는 개인 기질적 변인인 자아탄력성을 통하여 다른 보호요소들이 매개효과를 보이는 모형이다. 344명의 청소년들을 대상으로 가정위험요소와 적응 수준, 그리고 자아탄력성, 실존적 영성, 애착(또래, 부모)을 측정하고 이들 간의 관계를 구조방정식 모형을 적용하여 분석하였다. 두 모형의 적합도를 분석한 결과, 두 모형 모두 통계적으로 수용할 만한 적합도를 보여 본 연구에서 설정한 보호요소들이 매개효과를 보이는 것이 확인되었다. 제시된 두 가지 모형 가운데, 모형 1이 보다 적합한 모형으로 밝혀졌으나 두 모형의 적합도간의 근소한 차이만 나타나 보호요소들의 구조적 경로에 대한 체계적인 분석이 추우연구 필요성을 제안하였다.

In the present study, we reanalyzed the data from Yoo and Shim(2002) that indicated potential mediating effects of ego-resilience, attachment, and existential spirituality. The adversity in family was measured with the participants` perception of the SES, family atmosphere and parenting. To measure adaptation level, we used the ratings on adolescents adjustment and competence by self, peers, and teacher. The rating items were modified from the Adaptation Scale interview items developed by Kilmer, Cowen, & Wyman (2001). The three psychological resource included in the present study were ego-resilience measured by the Ego-Resiliency Scale (Block & Kremen, 1996), the attachment scale(Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), and the spirituality by the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982). A total of 344 students (male; 162, female, 182) from elementary schools (N=64, 18.6%), junior high schools (N=62, 18%), and high schools (N=218, N=63.4%) responded to a set of questionnaires measuring adversity, competence, and psychological resources. To investigate the mediating effects of protective factors, we developed two theoretical models. In model 1, all the protective factors are assumed to have mediating effects in the same level, but in model 2, the ego-resilience was placed prior to the other factors in mediating between family adversity and adaptation. We applied the structural equation model to the present data and found two models are both statistically suitable with a bit better index of model 1. Ego-resilienc and existential spirituality are shown to be consistent mediating factors in two models. This result implies that ego-resilience and existential spirituality may buffer the negative effects from the risk factors on the adaptive development. Based on the findings of the present study, we made some suggestions for the future study to further analyze the structural relationships among protective factors. Also, it was suggested that a person-focused approach should be conducted in resilience study in Korea to add in-depth information of protective factors.