근대 일본과 한국의 사회진화론과 아나키즘 연구 - 고토쿠 슈스이와 신채호를 중심으로

The aim of this treatise is in researching Social-Darwinism and Anarchism shared between the intellectuals in both Modern Korea and Japan, with Sin Chae-Ho and Kotoku Shusui as the central figure.<BR> Fundamentally speaking, Social-Darwinism originated with Spencer who applied the law of the survival of the fittest of Darwin`s theory of evolution to society.<BR> Kotoku Shusui, a representative Socialist in Japan, accepted and applied Darwin`s concept of struggle and selection for existence to his society in early 20th century. He thought evolution of society could realize the ideal of Socialism<BR> Differently, Shin Chae-Ho`s concept is more like that of Kato Hiroyuki or Lyang-chi-chao, whose thought was based on organic conception of state, in aspect of his focus on nationalism or statism which was not accepted by Kotoku.<BR> When Social-Darwinism became the base theory for Japan Imperialism, Anti-Imperialism got formed in East Asia.<BR> Anarchism in Japan took shape on a full scale from Kotoku`s `Direct act` code in 1906.<BR> He was considered to notice desperately laborers` fall by necessity from industrial capital after Japan`s Industrial Revolution followed by Russo-Japanese Wars. He insisted that the laborers should attain their rights and interests in the form of `Direct Act`, denying parliamentarism by a few elites after his visit in USA. Aanarcho-Syndicalism was originated from this and soon became the mainstream in Anarchism of Japan.<BR> On the contrary, in Korea, terrorism became the most important action in Anarchism.<BR> Shin Chae-Ho cried out for the people`s revolution against Japan`s imperialism without reference to his state or people in his `Declaration for Cho-sun revolution` (1923).<BR> He also insisted on Korea`s liberation` and building ideal Cho-sun. He justified terror or violent revolution in the way of achieving people`s revolution.<BR> In this aspect, it can be said that Shin was affected from Kotoku`s concepts of `Direct action`, thought of assassination, or Social-revolution. But Shin was more radical Anarchist and the reason was Japan`s violent occupation on Korea.