박은식(朴殷植)의 유교개혁사상

Park Eunsik(1859-1925) is one of the patriotic enlightenment thinkers in the end of Choson dynasty and the Japanese colonial period. He led the reformation movement of Confucianism in response to the need of transformation at his days. He is also noticed to reassess the nee-confucian tradition of Zhu Xi which led Choson dynasty and to approach positively to the teachings of Wang Yang-ming as a new alternative Confucianism.<BR> The confucian reformism of Park Eunsik is an effort to make Confucianism living actively in his changing days and a new understanding of the religious meaning and function of Confucianism as the basic means and direction of its reformation. The religious awakening of Confucianism is stimulated by the enormous activity of western religions and is connected with the idea that religious dimension must be reactivated in order for Confucianism to play its social function. The foundation of Daedonggyo(the teachings of Great Oneness) is the religious movement to reestablish Confucian organization from that kind of religious recognition.<BR> The thought of nationalist civilization or patriotic enlightenment at that times has its task to make the country powerful and rich and to prevent it from foreign invasion through the reformation of traditional outdated system and the acception of new western civilization. The moderate reformism. called Dongdaoxiqi(parallelism of the eastern mentality and the western technology). was to change the system and institution of the traditional Confucianism on the one hand and to defend the values of Confucianism on the other hand. The radical reformism, the main stream of the times. was to escape from Confucianism and to accept the new western civilization extensively. The process of Chinese modernization, as in the case of the Yangwu Yundong(Westernization Movement), changes from the doctrine of ZhongtiXiyong(to preserve the Chinese main body or the feudal traditional rule and to introduce the western instrument or techniques) which puts its base on Chinese culture to the doctrine of the general Westernization which calls for general acception of the Western culture. The Bianfa Yundong(Constitutional Reform and Modernization) for the reform through the reform of traditional Confucianism was followed after by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, but the chinese modern reform developed to the detachment from traditional Confucianism as democratic revolution was succeeded by Sun Won.<BR> The patriotic enlightenment movement based on the Confucian reformism by Park Eunsik is correspond with the Bianfa Yundong of Kan Youwei in case we compare with Chinese modernization process. It aimed at the modern reform which did not stick to traditional Confucianism but reformed Confucian mentality inwards and harmonized with western modern civilization outwards. This Confucian reformism was not successful at that time and could not have continual influence on the next times. However, it gave us a fundeamental questi