송순일 시에 나타난 의(義)와 현실

This paper researches Song Sunil`s life briefly with the materials he left, and examines his literary characteristics centering around his poetry. His poetic text takes the national reality as its motif and sharply represents the national agony.<BR> 1. To sum up his life, Song Sunil (1902-1950) grew up in close relation to Christianity and kept his status of teacher continuously in pursuit of his literature, staying in North Korea. Growing as a Christian and working as a teacher played an important role in building up his literary world. His literary word, `Righteousness,` is based on both Christianity and teaching.<BR> 2. The national reality of the 1920s and 1930s was tragedy caused by miserable destitution and the oppression under the rule of Japanese imperialism. He faced this national reality of unrighteousness and combined his thought of `Righteousness` with critical realism. In almost all of his poetic works, he described, accused, and criticized the conflicting reality of unrighteousness through critical realism. As a result, his works shows the thought of resistance and the will of overcoming. These critical realism poems represented `animal images` including a fish, an owl, and a phoenix.<BR> 3. His poetry especially deals with the realities of peasants` living. According to thematic qualities, peasant poetry under the Japanese rule is divided into five sub-genres such as critical realism, enlightenment literature, proletarian literature, genre literature, and production literature. However, almost all of his peasant genre poetry belongs to critical realism, which accusingly criticizes the peasants` agony through realistic descriptions of their destitute lifestyles using the literary device of conflicting structure. These peasant poems represent `Makseori (shack) images,` which depict things crushing, chilly, cracking, and dust covered, evoking emotions and sensations of coldness and hunger, and described the reality of the ruins and destruction.<BR> 4. He also wrote some proletarian poems which embody the creative method of KAPF (Korea Artista Proleta Federatio). He shows agitation, propaganda and the struggle of consciousness in conflicting structures, and the realities of oppression in his poems. These poems also represent `animal images` including an owl, a bat, a parrot, and a chameleon as unrighteous exploiters, a snail, a mole, and a dove as the oppressed Joseon people, and a chrysalis and a phoenix as the national consciousness that tries to overcome the reality through the Righteousness of thought. Consequently, Song Sunil`s proletarian poetry focuses on the nation rather than the thought.<BR> As mentioned above, the core of Song Sunil`s literary consciousness is `Righteousness` and he was a poet who realized the power of critical realism by combining it with the miserable reality lived by the Korean people under Japanese rule. His poems furthermore have concretely shaped peasant poetry or proletarian poetry. As the resu