통합적 정신모형 이론에 기반한 4M 순환학습 수업모형 개발: 이론적 배경과 개발과정을 중심으로

The Development of 4M Learning Cycle Teaching Model Based on the Integrated Mental Model Theory: Focusing on the Theoretical Basis & Development Procedure

최근 과학교육 분야의 연구들에 의하면 학생들은 과학수업 시 다양한 어려움을 지각하며 수업 후에도 이러한 어려움이 잘 해소되지 않는다는 연구 결과가 보고되고 있다. 그러나 학생들이 느끼는 과학학습의 어려움과 그 원인을 조사하여 이를 해소시키기 위한 연구는 아직 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 학생들의 과학학습 어려움에 대한 체계적인 분석과 더불어 어려움을 해소하고 학습효과를 향상시킬 수 있는 새로운 수업모형 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 최근의 과학학습 과정에서 학생의 겪는 어려움과 기존 과학수업 모형에 관한 선행연구들을 조사하여, 이 결과를 통합적 정신모형이론 관점에서 분석하였다. 이러한 과정을 거쳐 과학학습 어려움 해소를 도울 수 있는 통합적 정신모형 이론에 기반한 4M 순환학습 수업모형을 개발하였다.

Many researches have reported that it is difficult to solve students' difficulties in learning science with teaching models focused on certain aspects because of various reasons. Recently, in science education research, the integrated perceptive has been to put emphasis on understanding complex situations of real teaching and learning. In this research context, the integrated mental model theory that were considered as a whole factor related to learning has been studied by integrating previous studies that related to students' conceptions and learning in various fields. Thus, it is needed that the teaching model be based on the integrated mental model theory to help students to solve their difficulties. The purpose of this research was to develop a new teaching model based on the integrated mental model theory to address this issue. We reviewed current studies on student difficulties and teaching models. After this, we developed 4M learning cycle teaching model. In this paper, we described the process of developing a new teaching model and discussed how to apply this teaching model to the practices. We also discussed the effects of 4M learning cycle teaching model based on the integrated mental model theory in learning science with its implications.