本文从三个平面(句法，语义，语用)的角度对1983年~2021年的‘被’字句相关研究进行了分类整理。关于‘被’字句的句法方面，主要对‘被’字句的结构与构式，‘被’字句谓语动词特征，‘被’字句补语研究，‘被’字句宾语研究，新兴‘被’字句的句法特征进行了考察，‘被’字句的语义呈多样化。而其中基本语义应是‘遭受’和‘致使’两类，其次是‘结果’义，而非遭受义以及新结构语义都是以这些语义为基础发展而来的。‘被’字句语用功能主要是‘话题承接，话题转换’两种。 总体看来，‘被’字句的研究成果非常丰富。各个领域都有涉及，理论也不断得到丰富。但各方面的研究非常的不均衡，尤其是‘被’字句的语义，语用等方面还有待进一步的发展。由于对‘被’字句的研究还在继续，像‘被’字的词类界定，‘被’字句的主语，谓语等句法方面的许多问题也还没有定论。并且由于‘被’字句仍是对外汉语学习的重点及难点，所以这些问题也会对外汉语‘被’字句的教学与学习产生一定的影响。因此，应进一步对相应问题进行深入研究。
This paper classifies and arranges the related studies of the words ‘被’ from 1983 to 2021. As for the syntactic characteristics of the word，it mainly investigates the structure and structure of the word，the predicate verb characteristics of the word，the complement of the word，the object of the word and the new word. The basic meanings should be ‘subject’ and ‘cause’，and the second is ‘result’ meaning derived as a whole，instead of ‘subject’ meaning and new structural meaning are developed from this basis. There are two main pragmatic functions of the word ‘被’: ‘to take over the topic and change the topic’. Overall，the research results are very rich. All fields are covered and theories are constantly enriched. But the research in various aspects is very unbalanced，especially the semantic and pragmatic aspects of the word ‘被’ still need further research. And because of the continuous study of the word ‘被’，many syntactic problems such as the part of speech defined by the word ‘被’ and the subject and predicate of the word have not been concluded yet. And because the word ‘被’ is still the focus and difficulty of learning foreign Chinese，these problems will also affect the teaching and learning of the word ‘被’ in foreign Chinese. The corresponding issues should be further studied. Therefore，the study of the word ‘被’ should first be summarized and sorted out. Combining with the practice of Chinese grammar，this paper finds the appropriate analysis mode and method for the characteristics of the word ‘被’. Secondly，while introducing grammatical theory into the study of the word ‘被’，we should consider the combination of theory and practice and pay more attention to theory construction. Thirdly，research and practice should be combined. The research results are used in teaching and learning practice activities to verify them，and further promote research development，research and practice are complementary. Finally，cross-linguistic comparative research is also necessary. The component is based on corpus-based comparative language framework，which is conducive to the internationalization of Chinese.
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