이 논문은 최근 외국인 투자가 급증하고 있는 캄보디아의개발현황을 살펴보고 1994년 캄보디아의 외국인투자법 제정 이후 조성된16개 특별경제구역 가운데 프놈펜 특별경제구역의 문제점을 분석 한 것이다. 연구결과, 프놈펜 특별경제구역은 캄보디아 기업과 일본자본과의 합작법인에 의해 조성되었으나 실질적인 분양이 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 특히 외국 민간자본에 의해 건설되므로 캄보디아 정부의 개발주도권 약화와 주변지역의 산업인프라시설 부족으로 입지수요가 매우 부족해 소기의목적을 달성하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 방안으로 향후에는 해외민간자본 유치보다는 차관도입에 의한 자립적 개발방식을 적용하고, 사회간접자본 확충을 위한 캄보디아 국가재정의 확대지출을 강조한다.
This paper examined the present situation of development in Cambodia where foreign investments have recently increased sharply. The paper also analyzed the problems of the Phnom Penh special economic zone among 16special economic zones, which were created by joint ventures between Cambodian businesses and Japanese capital since Cambodia’s enactment of the Foreign Investment Act in 1994. This study found that almost no building sites have been sold in the Phnom Penh special economic zone since its formationby joint ventures between Cambodian businesses and Japanese capital. The study also found that the special economic zone failed to achieve its goal due to the Cambodian government’s weakened initiative in development as the zone was constructed by foreign private capital and because of very low spatial demand as it lacks industrial infrastructure in its vicinity. As solutions to these problems, this study emphasizes that Cambodia should apply independent development methods in the future by introducing foreign loans rather than by attracting overseas private capital. Cambodia should also increase national expenditures for the expansion of social overhead capital.
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