世界变局下的中美互动和“相处之道”——基于建构主义视角

China-us Interaction and “Ways to Get Along”in a Changing World--From the perspective of constructivism

The "idealist" ontology emphasized in the constructivism theory of international relations provides a way of thinking to break through the "material" competition between China and the United States in the changing world and realize the harmonious "way of getting along" through "concept identification". Based on the immaterial research perspective of constructivism theory, by focusing on the root of the social interaction between the two countries behind the national image building, the willingness to follow the international system and the transformation of the conceptual structure, it emphasizes that the development and evolution of Sino-US relations have internal coherence and regularity. Bring this series of regular social roots into the research topic of Sino-US relations under the perspective of world changes, and then clarify the obvious competitive nature of Sino-US bilateral relations. The main pressure comes from the overspill of explicit "identity politics", the recessive "populism" trend of thought and the inherent "threat paradigm" in the American society. China and the United States are faced with new issues that need to be discussed in the field of identity, national identity and conceptual identity. Therefore, the core idea of "Cooperative coexistence" is to emphasize that China and the United States should shape a broader sense of the overall situation and the world consciousness, strengthen the interaction and concept innovation in the field of ideas, dilute the ideological differences between the two sides, take the initiative to share experience in democratic governance, restore political mutual trust, form the Sino-US consensus values, modern democratic concept, and ultimately reshape the Sino-US concept of co-existence identity.

建构主义国际关系理论所强调的“唯心主义”本体论，为在变化的世界中突破中美“物质”竞争，通过“概念认同”实现和谐的“相处之道”提供了思路。基于建构主义理论的非物质研究视角，通过关注两国社会互动背后的国家形象塑造、追随国际体系的意愿和观念结构的转变等根源，强调中美关系的发展演变具有内在的连贯性和规律性。将这一系列规律的社会根源纳入世界变化视角下的中美关系研究课题，进而梳理中美双边关系明显的竞争性质。研究发现其主要压力来自于美国社会中显性的“身份政治”的泛滥、隐性的“民粹主义”思潮和内在的“威胁范式”。中美两国在身份认同、国家认同、概念认同等领域面临新的问题需要探讨。因此，“合作共存”的核心思想是强调中美两国要塑造更广泛的全局意识和世界意识，加强思想领域的互动和观念创新，淡化双方的意识形态差异，主动分享民主治理经验，恢复政治互信，形成中美共识价值观、现代民主理念、并最终重塑中美共存身份的概念。