Evaluation of the Anti-osteoporosis and Antioxidant Activities of Phenolic Compounds from Euphorbia maculata

Evaluation of the Anti-osteoporosis and Antioxidant Activities of Phenolic Compounds from Euphorbia maculata

Antioxidant and anti-osteoporosis activities of extracts and chemical constituents from the whole plant of Euphorbia maculata were investigated. The MeOH extract, as well as EtOAc and $H_2O$ fractions ($10.0{\mu}g/mL$), exhibited potent antioxidant activities. Their oxygen radical absorbance capacity and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity values were $27.07{\pm}0.31$ to $28.47{\pm}0.36$ and $43.86{\pm}0.26$ to $46.67{\pm}0.34$ fold higher than those of $1.0{\mu}M$ Trolox, respectively. The MeOH extract and EtOAc fraction (at $10.0{\mu}g/mL$) also significantly suppressed excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity values of $154.90{\pm}4.25$ and $163.95{\pm}9.77%$, respectively. Bioassay guided isolation of the EtOAc and $H_2O$ fractions afforded 19 known compounds (1-19). Of these, compounds 18, and 13-15 showed good antioxidant activity based on peroxyl radical-scavenging and reducing capacity assays, whereas compounds 1, 4, 7, and 14 showed the most significant inhibitory effect with TRAP activity values ranging from $121.31{\pm}1.41$ to $110.00{\pm}3.74%$ relative to the control.