서울시 옥탑방 거주자의 주거특성 및 주거불안 영향요인 분석

Key Factors Analysis for Housing Characteristics and Housing Insecurity among Rooftop Housing Residents in Seoul, Korea

이 연구는 2020년 「서울시 주거실태조사」를 활용하여 고시원, 판잣집·컨테이너·비닐하우스, 반지하 및 지하가구와 비교를 통해 옥탑방 거주자의 주거특성과 주거불안 영향요인을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 SPSS 29.0 통계프로그램을 활용하여 주거특성 , 주택상태 특성 및 주거불안 특성은 교차분석, 카이검정 및 fisher's의 정확검정을 사용하였고, 주거불안 영향요인은 이항 로지스틱 회귀분석(binary logistic regression analysis, BLRA)을 통해 분석하였다. 주택유형 결정 영향요인은 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석(multinomial logistic regression)을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 옥탑가구는 중장년,고령층의 거주비율이 매우 높게 나타났고, 학력은 고등학교 졸업 이하로 저학력의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 근무형태 및 소득에 있어서도 비정규직, 임시·일용근로자의 비율이 높았다. 점유형태는 전세 및 보증금이 있는 월세의 형태가 높게 나타났다. 주거불안 특성의 경우 옥탑방은 주거비 부담이 다른 유형보다 낮음에도 불구하고 주거비 부담비율이 높았고, 주거안전은 특히 난방상태 및 단열상태가 옥탑가구의 경우 절반에 달하는 50% 가구가 양호하지 못한 것으로 조사되었다. 그동안 중장년층의 주거문제는 청년층 및 노년층에 비해 소외되어 왔다. 따라서 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 첫째, 주거 및 고용안정 지원 사업과 둘째, 서울시 주거복지사업을 연계한 옥탑 가구의 주택상태 개선사업 셋째, 중장년 취약계층 주거지원 강화 및 확대로 주거사각지대 해소 정책 필요 넷째, 찾아가는 서울시의 주거지원 서비스 기반 마련을 통한 취약가구의 정보접근성 향상 필요 다섯째, 옥탑방 거주가구 실태 파악을 위한 특수조사가 필요함을 제시하였다.

This study analyzed the determinants of housing characteristics and housing insecurity among rooftop housing residents by comparing them with those who live in Gosiwon, shanties, containers, greenhouses, semi-basements, and underground dwellings, using the 2020 Seoul City Housing Survey data. The SPSS 29.0 statistical program was used to analyze housing characteristics, housing conditions, and housing anxiety characteristics, employing crosstabulation analysis, a chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. A binary logistic regression analysis (BLRA) was performed to analyze the influencing factors for housing insecurity. Housing type determinants were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. The analysis showed that the proportion of middle-aged and elderly people living in rooftop housing was very high, and the proportion of low-educated people, with a high school degree or lower, was high. In terms of occupation and income, the proportion of non-regular, temporary, and daily laborers was high. In terms of housing tenure, monthly rent and rent with a deposit were more common. In terms of housing insecurity, rooftop rooms had a higher rate of housing cost burden despite having lower housing cost burden than other types. Housing safety, especially heating and insulation, was found to be poor in half of the rooftop housing households. The housing problems of the middle-aged have been marginalized compared to those of the young and the elderly. Therefore, based on the results of the study, five recommendations were made. First, housing and employment stability support programs are needed. Second, there is a need to improve the housing conditions of rooftop housing in conjunction with the Seoul Housing Welfare Project. Third, a policy to eliminate housing blind spots by strengthening and expanding housing support for vulnerable middle-aged and elderly people is needed. Fourth, it is necessary to improve the accessibility of information for vulnerable households by establishing a foundation for Seoul's housing support services. Fifth, it was suggested that a special survey is needed to identify the actual situation of rooftop housing households.