아동에 대한 연령차별 평가척도 개발 연구

Development of Age Based Discrimination Evaluation Scale Against Children

본 연구는 아동에 대한 연령차별 수준을 확인하기 위한 척도를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 문헌연구와 면접을 통하여 아동 연령차별의 실질적인 모습을 담아낼 수 있는 아동 연령차별 척도의 문항을 개발하였다. 그리고 전문가들의 자문을 통해 내용타당도를 평가받아 총 45문항을 개발하였다. 아동 연령차별 예비척도의 45문항에 대해 척도 요인 및 문항 구성을 확인을 위해 서울 및 경기 지역 1,364명의 자료로 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하여 5요인 총 33문항을 추출하였다. 이후 척도의 요인구조를 확인하고 구인타당도 및 신뢰도를 검증하기 위해 서울, 경기, 경북 지역 6개 초등학교 4∼6학년 1,910명의 자료를 분석하였다. 수집된 자료를 통해 아동 연령차별 척도의 타당성과 신뢰성을 확인하였다.

The purpose of this study is to present a scale for identifying age discrimination levels for children. Through this process, this study attempted to be an empirical study that can recognize children as equal society members by confirming the age discrimination contents experienced only because children are younger than adults. The results of the study derived from this research process are as follows. First, 33 items of five sub‐factors were extracted by on exploratory factor analysis on an age discrimination scale for children. The five sub‐factors are perception of discrimination about ability , perception of discrimination about maturity , discrimination experience of selfdetermination , discrimination of expression opportunity , and cultural‐social discrimination experience . The perception of discrimination about ability is a negative bias that there is a limit to children s capacity, ability, comprehension, and performance. The perception of discrimination about maturity is a belief that children are incomplete beings with an undeveloped existence compared to adults. The discrimination experience of self‐determination is the experience of children who are not given the opportunity to solve problems themselves or that can be solved autonomously, and the discrimination of expression opportunity means the experience that children s own views and opinions not being respected in matters which affects children. Cultural and social discrimination experience is the case of unfair treatment in social relations because children are young. Second, this study developed an age discrimination scale for children with validity and reliability. In the preliminary investigation stage, 33 items of five factors were composed through an item analysis and a factor analysis. In the present analysis, 33 items from 5 factors were tested for reliability and validity for 1,910 elementary school students in grades 4∼6. The reliability of the five factors was found to be between .89 and .96. Also, 33 items were extracted as five factors in the construct validity analysis. Also, a cross validity test showed that factor loadings as well as factor structure were the same between the predictive and actual models.