양성 및 음성 정신분열병 환자의 기억수행 -약호화 및 후약호화 그리고 망각의 비교연구 -

Memory Performance in Positive and Negative Schizophrenics - Comparative Study in Encoding, Post-Encoding and Forgetting-

Objects : This study was designed to investigate memory performance in positive and negative schizophrenics. Differences in postencoding and forgetting after complete learning were evaluated. Methods ： The subjects consisted of 3 groups of 30 positive schizophrenics, 30 negative schizophrenics, and 30 normal controls. Patient groups were categorized by DSM-III-R and PANSS. Before memory performance test, 3 groups were matched to age, intelligence, sex, duration of education, age of onset, duration of illness and daily dose of antipsychotics. Analyses were done by scores of number of presents, immediate recall and recognition, delayed recall and recognition, recall loss and recognition loss. Results ： 1) For the number of presents, normal and positive groups showed significantly lower scores than negative group in cued cases. Normal controls showed significantly lower scores than schizophrenics(positive and negative group), and positive group showed significantly lower scores than negative group in non-cued cases. There was a cuing effect in normal control and positive groups. 2) For the recall in immediate memory(after 2-minutes) after complete learning, normal control and positive groups showed significantly higher scores than negative group. There was no cue-effect among the 3 groups. For the recognition in immediate memory(after 2-minutes) after complete learning, normal controls showed significantly higher scores than negative group in cued cases. Normal control and positive groups showed significantly higher scores than negative group in non-cued cases. There was a no cue-effect among the 3-groups. 3) For the recall in delayed memory(after 5-hours) after complete learning, normal control and positive groups showed significantly higher scores than negative group in cued cases. Normal controls showed significantly higher scores than schizophrenics(positive and negative group), and positive group showed significantly higher scores than negative group in non-cued cases. There was a cue-effect in the positive group. For the recognition in delayed memory(after 5-hours) after complete learning, normal control and positive group showed significantly higher scores than negative group. There was no cue-effect among the 3-groups. 4) For the recall loss, normal control and positive groups showed significantly lower scores than negative group in cued cases. Normal controls showed significantly lower scores than schizophrenics(positive and negative group) in non-cued cases. There was a cuing effect in positive and negative groups. For the recognition loss, normal control and positive groups showed significantly lower scores than negative group in cued cases. Normal controls showed significantly lower scores than negative group in non-cued cases. There was a no cue-effect among the 3 groups. Conclusion ： There findings suggest that positive schizophrenics exhibit memory deficit in the process of encoding and that negative schizophrenics show generalized memory deficit in the process of encoding, postencoding and forgetting