Objective : To assess the anatomical changes of brain and its relationship with clinical variables in 16 patients with major depression(l male, 15 females), 11 patients with schizophrenia(ll males, 7 females), and 18 medical controls. Methods: We measured regions of interest in the brain magnetic resonance images. To estimate the areas, we used computer assisted planimetry using the AutoCad and digitizer. And we examined the relationship between MRI findings and clinical variables such as age, age of onset, duration of illness, etc. Results : The results were as follows * 1) Cerebral area and left temporal lobe area were significantly smaller both in the patients with major depression and schizophrenia compared with controls(p<C0.05). And third ventricular area was significantly larger in both groups compared with controls(each p<C0.05). 2) Right frontal cortex area was significantly smaller in patients with major depression compared with patients with schizophrenia and controls(p<C0.05). And left amygdala area was significantly smaller in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls(p<0.05). 3) Ventricular system in the patients with major depression correlated with age and age of onset significantly(p<0.05). But left and right temporal lobe areas and right caudate nucleus area correlated with duration of illness, number of previous admission, number of episodes, and episodes per year(p<0.05). 4) In patients with schizophrenia, right cingulate cortex area, left and right caudate nucleus areas, right lateral ventriclular area and ventricular-brain ratio(VBR) correlated with age of onset And also right cingulate cortex area,left caudate nucleus area, right parahippocampus area, left and right lateral ventricular areas and VBR correlated with age(P<0.05). Conclusions : These results may suggest that the structural changes of brain present in both patients with major depression and schizophrenia, and that some of structural brain changes are thought to play a common role in the pathophysiology of both disorders and the others are thought to play a specific role of each disorders. They also suggest that in major depression, such a structural changes except ventricular system are corrleated with the course of illness and in schizophrenia, structural changes are present early and play a causative roles.
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