Since Johnstone et al(1976) had discovered ventricular enlargement in the CAT scans of chronic schizophrenics, structural brain abnormalities have been focus of interest in relation with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, some neuroanatomical structures presumed to be involved in schizophrenia were evaluated in the MRIs of 13 schizophrenics in comparison with 15 neurotic controls. All MRI scans were obtained with a 1.0T SMT-100 scanner using high-resolution spine echo technique, with 5mm contiguous sections in T1-weight ed sagittal plane (TR/TE=500ms/20ms) and 7mm contiguous sections in T2-weighted coronal plane(TR/TE= 3,000ms/90ms). Transferring the raw data stored in the magnetic tape to the optical disk, the area and the mean of the image signal intensity、of free ROIs including prefrontal cortex, corpus callosum, amygdala-hippocampal complex, septum pelluddum, thalamus, caudate and lentiform nuclei, and cerebellum were measured by the image analysis system. In schizophrenics, as compared with controls, the area of septum pelluddum was insignificantly larger, and the area of thalamus(P<C0.01), amygdala-hippocampal complex(P<0.001) and cerebellum (P〈0.005) were significantly smaller(P〈0.01). There were no significant differences in basal ganaglia and corpus callosum. Prefrontal cortices were smaller in schizophrenics, significantly prominent in the left(P<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest the cortical-subcortical disconnection induced by the thalamic deafferentation may underly the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
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