경주양식 고배의 출현과 정형화 과정

The Appearance of the Gyeongju-style Mounted Dish and its Formation Process

본고는 학계에서 사용하고 있는 신라양식 고배가 여러 소지역양식을 포함하고 있다는 판단하에 신라양식과 경주양식 고배를 구별하고, 경주양식 고배가 출현하여 신라양식 고배로서 정형화되는 과정을 밝히는 데 목적을 두었다. 신라양식 고배를 판단하는 가장 특징적인 속성은 상하교호투창이지만, 대각과 각단의 형태도 토기 제작 기술 전통에서는 중요한 속성 중 하나이다. 이 속성들을 기준으로 보면, 신라양식 고배는 교호투창을 가진 직선적인 대각과 외측으로 돌출되게 처리된 각단을 가진 이단각고배와 곡선적인 대각, 각거부, V자형으로 처리한 각단을 가진 삼단각고배로 나눌 수 있다. 이에 먼저, 이단각고배와 삼단각고배의 형태변화와 동반관계를 통하여 변천 과정을 설명하고, 공간적 분포 양상을 살폈다. 그 결과, 이단각고배는 경주, 울산, 포항, 경산, 영천, 부산 등지에 분포하고 있어서 이를 경주양식 고배의 정형으로 설정하고, 경주양식 고배의 정형화 과정을 세 단계로 나누어 설명하였다. 첫 단계는 이단각고배의 출현 이전단계로서 고식도질고배의 영향이 남아 있으며, 둘째 단계는 기존 고식도질고배의 영향이 희석되면서 이단각고배가 출현한다. 셋째 단계는 고식도질고배의 영향이 사라지고 이단각고배와 삼단각고배가 동화되면서 황남대총 남분으로 대표되는 전형적인 경주양식 고배가 완성되는 과정이 진행되었음을 알 수 있었다.

Pottery unearthed in the Yeongnam area is divided into Silla-style pottery and Gaya-style pottery. The criteria for classification into Silla-style and Gayastyle is based on the appearance of the mounted dish with vertical perforations. However, the initial mounted dish with vertical perforations includes a cup with curved legs similar to the ancient style pottery of the 4th century. The cup with curved legs is differentiated from the cup with straight legs. Some argue that the mounted dish with straight legs, rather than the mounted dish with vertical perforations, is the typical Silla-style mounted dish. This difference in perspective was connected to a difference in chronology. This study intends to explain the process of formation of the Gyeongju-style mounted dish, which is still unclear, focusing on the mounted dish with a double-tier base, or a typical type of cup unearthed from the South Mound of Hwangnamdaechong Tomb in Gyeongju. The perspective adopted is that the perpendicular leg, rather than the broadly-interpreted vertical perforation, should be established as the criterion of the Silla-style mounted dish. The Gyeongju-style mounted dish has long been tacitly recognized as a Silla-style mounted dish. However, as the term “Silla” encompasses different areas, there exists the problem of interpreting what Sillastyle entails. Therefore, this study intends to differentiate the Gyeongju-style mounted dish from the general Silla-style mounted dish. The Gyeongju-style mounted dish is a mounted dish with a double-tier base characterized by a straight leg and a thickly treated base, and differentiated from the mounted dish with three short legs treated in V-shape without using special decorations, with a curved leg and an attached part on the tip of the leg. A chronological plan composed of a total of 8 stages is presented based on the perception of a difference in mounted dish shape between the mounted dish with a double-tier base and the mounted dish with a triple-tier base, as well an association between each type of artifact. The eight stages aligned in a temporal order are classified into three time periods according to the aspects of change in the type of cup, and change in the shape of the mounted dish.