精神治療에 서 要求되 는 自我의 自覺에 있어서의 東西間의 差異

Differences of the Ego, as demanded m psycfeotlierspy, in the East and West

Although many different psychological techiniques may be employed, we generally agree that the goal of psychotheraphy should be directed to an effort to relieve problems and disorders, and to make the patient a mature, satisfied, and independent person. Also an important therapeutic factor, which is common to all of these techniques employed is the therapist-patient relationship. I also believe that the goal of psychotheraphy should thrust a client, in an enlightemment of real self, and make him obtain an ability to master himself, independently. Thus he may be settled down with minimum conflict. Here is a point, however, what I want to mention is the degree of sense of well-being that exists between the one which can be reached through psychoanalysis of west, and the one which can be obtained the through Buddhistic emancipation of one s soul. The former is chiefly indebted to and developed by clinical experience and introspection of therapists dealing with psychopathology and the latter is not always dealing with psychopathology but is directed to master one’s all annoyance which is inevitably confront to one’s life. I believe the latter is much greater than former in obtaining the sense of well-being. Both are necessary to the promotion and the enlightenment of self-ego. Here we come to the point to compare these two different dimension of self .ego, and by this comparison, I wish to contribute to comprehension of the East and WesL The psychoanalysis which Freud began has been developed theoratically and practically by neo-freudian and existential analysist, etc. But it may come to the conclusion that the theory takes it’s ground on the opposition, each as the conscious and the unconscious, subject and object, community and individual, the ego and the superego or id, being and non-being etc. The role of the ego, expected by psychoanalysis, is intermediation or conforo. ntation of these oppositions. Therefore, the focus of psychotherapy is directed to reconstruction or expansion of the ego, in other words, the focus is upon rehabilitation and promotion of the regulatory function of the ego. Freud emphasized that the healthy ego shows flexibility in handling the demands of id, the superego and reality, and to be free from psychoneuroses is to help the ego out of the overwhelming threat of unconsciousness and promote the ego function. Jung and Otto Rank seem to me to have clarified the ego more than Freud,such an ego can be achieved by indiviQ&#4354;atav/i* <hicl seperaion, But his ego, as intermediator, also is not entirely free from anxiety, and it confronts to death fear and life fear. Adler s inferiority cnomplex is also taken as an opposition to authority, and his “will to power,’ should be said a confrontation against authority, Horney, Fromm, Kardiner and Sullivan advanced the theory of human psychopathology being grounded on the view point of interpersonal relationship and of individual-incommunity and culture. They also contributed in selfaggrandizement, by means of self-realizationa “or” “self, actualization”. One of them, as I know, already took a step toward Zen Budhism, but the ego which most of them thought is still afflicted, as intermediator, with the conflict from individual-in-community. Besides, most of European scholars engaged in study of anxiety - stand on a dualistic aspect. They devide anxiety into normal and abnormal: objective anxiety and neurotic anxiety, it reveals that to be free from psychoneuroses does not always mean entirely to be free from anxiety, in other words, the dissolution of normal anxiety can not be expected by Western ego. Becauce, the normal anxiety is brought about when a man gets through with society. Thus we come to the conclusion that the Western ego is provided in oder to handle this antagonism( opposition), and their daulstic aspect of anxiety is also consequential of the antagonism, such a