精神薄弱과 精神分裂症의 Bender-gestalt Test 上의 比較考察

The B-G Test was applied to 30 mental defectives, whose ages ranged from 16 to 25 years (free from significant neurological findings), and 30 adult schizophrenics who were all untreated fresh cases. The age of 30 normal control group was from 16 to 25 years old. The author’s summary and conclusions are as follow； (1) The modes and processes of reality mastering in mentally defectives whose age range was from 16 to 25 reached the underlevel of normal 6 years of mental age in observation of total mean score. Certain specific deviations in mental defective showed primitivation of reproduction such as perseveration, part of design missing, distortion rotation, deviation in slanting and no. of dots, combining with not joined squre and curve, figure not crossed, angles extra or missing, and asymmety. The workover, 2 nd attempt, confused order, overlapping designs and blunting were seen in schizophrenia as frequently as in mentally defective, but they were quite different from the view point of qualitative analysis and directions. Such analysis leads us to the opinion that those are related with the tendencies of mental defectiveness, which may be classified as (a) automatic repetitious movement and hyperkinetism, (b) dissociative phenomena in the relation of visual perceptions and motor responses, (c) confusional disturbances (disorientation) and specific inability in the field of visuomotor gestalt function. (2) There is a tendency to accentuate workover and to perform 2nd attempt in designs which are determined by the principles of continuity of geometrical or internal organization. In addition, there is also a tendency to make circles for dots in design 1, 3. and 5. The author found that the deviation of workover and 2nd attempt were frequently seen in the most of the paranoid schizophrenia. The disturbances of intelligence, orientation and perception and dissociation were not detected in copied form of schizophrenic persons. (3) Guide line that is drawn more frequently by control group than schizophrenic and mentally defective group may be said to depend upon their continuous attension and desire for keeping the gestalt principles. Wavy line could not be considered as a deviation in both mentally defective and schizophrenic group because it is quite common even in control group. (4) Total mean raw B-G score by copied form of mentally defective shows markedly higher deviated score (182.2) than those of schizophrenic persons (62.4). The high score in mentally defective seems to be related with destructed gestalt principles, partially or as a whole. (5) The differenciation between mental deficiency and schizophrenia by the principles of gestalt in copied form was regarded as a difficult matter according to the work of Bender’s qualitative analysing methods. However, the author’s results by quantitative analysis of them suggests that Pascal’s quantitative scoring method is fairly useful to differentiate between mental deficiency and schizophrenia