Objectives Impairment of social cognition affects the social functioning of patients with schizophrenia. For example, patients with schizophrenia have been shown to display abnormal eye contact during a one-on-one conversation. This study was designed to investigate the behavioral characteristics of patients with schizophrenia while talking with two people. Methods Twenty six patients with schizophrenia and 26 normal controls performed virtual reality conversation tasks, in which they talked with main and assistant avatars under positive or nega-tive emotional conditions. While listening and speaking, the durations of eye gaze with the main and minor avatars were measured from the head orientations of the participants using a positional tracker. Results Compared with normal controls, the patient group showed a shorter duration of gaze to-wards the main avatar and a longer duration of gaze towards the assistant avatar. This pattern was more apparent in the negative situation. Conclusion The results suggest a defect in social cognition, in which patients with schizophrenia fail to distribute their gaze appropriately during a conversation with more than one other person
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