장수와 치매의 예방

Longevity and Dementia Prevention

Objectives The aim of this study was to understand pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of dementia prevention. Methods An internet searchof literature published from 2006 thru 2008 was done using combinations of the words‘dementia’ and‘prevention’. These publications were subsequently reviewed. Results 1) Reduction of risk factors：control of vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, hyperhomocysteinemia, and platelet aggregation) and medical risk factors (head trauma, depression, herpes simplex, hyperthyroidism, and alcohol problems). 2) Pharmacological trial：NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors, estrogen replacement therapy, and antioxidants. 3) Healthy diet and nutrition：macronutrients (polyunsaturated fatty acid such as omega-3, alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid) and micronutrients (vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin B1, 3, 6, 9, 12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K；minerals such as iron, iodine, magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt, selenium；trace elements；and non-essential micronutrients such as polyphenols). 4) Regular excercise and activities：physical activities including aerobics, flexibility, and strength exerrcises；Recreational activities including participation in religious or social activities, healthy sex life with partner, and stimulating cognitive activities. Conclusion The final goal of dementia treatment is primary prevention. However, there is no proven method to achieve this. Therefore, secondary prevention or preventative maintenance through risk reduction and introduction of a healthy lifestyle in an attempt to postpone the onset of disease is a realistic goal.