체력단련(體力鍛鍊)이 폐기능(肺機能)에 미치는 효과(效果)

Effect of Physical Training on Pulmonary Function

장기간(長期間)의 체력단련(體力鍛鍊)이 폐기능(肺機能)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알아보고자 운동선수군(運動選手群) 24명(名)과 비운동선수군(非運動選手群) 12(名)에 대(對)하여 실시(實施)한 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 호흡수(呼吸數), 일회호흡량(一回呼吸量) 폐활량(肺活量)은 실시군(實施群)과 비실시군(非實施群) 사이에 유의(有意)한 차이(差異)가 없었으나, 최대환기능(最大換氣能)은 선수군(選手群)이 148.1±3.01 L/min, 비선수군(非選手群)이 1118.3±9.1 L/min 로서 선수군(選手群)에서 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 유의하게(p<0.01) 높았다. 초시폐활량(秒時肺活量)은 선수군(選手群)이 3.310±0.070 L, 비선수군(非選手群)이 2.279±0.104 L였고, FEV₁ 25~75%는 선수군(選手群)이 83.63±1.29%, 비선수군(非選手群)이 75.33±1.75%로서 둘 다 선수군(選手群)에서 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 유의하게(p<0.01)높았다. FEF 0.2~1.2L는 선수군(選手群)이 297.7±13.5 L/min, 비선수군(非選手群)이222.7±15.0 L/min였고, FEF 25~75%는 선수군(選手群)이 3.543±0.109 L/sec, 비선수군(非選手群)이 2.719±0.142 L/sec로서 둘다 선수군(選手群)에서 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 유의하게(p<0.01)높았다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)를 종합(綜合)하면 선수군(選手群)과 비선수군(非選手群) 사이에 폐용적(肺容積)은 별차이(別差異)가 없으나, 최대환기능(最大換氣能), 초시폐활량(秒時肺活量), FEV₁%, $FEF 0.2~1.2L, FEF 25~75% 등(等)은 선수군(選手群)이 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 유의하게(p<0.01) 높은 측정치(測定値)를 나타내었으며, 이것은 선수군(選手群)에서 비선수군(非選手群)에 비(比)해 호흡근(呼吸筋)의 힘이 더 강(强)하거나, 폐(肺) 및 흉곽(胸廓)의 용압률(容壓率)이 더 크기 때문인 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

In the present study, an effort was directed to elucidate the effect of the physical training on the pulmonary function. Twenty-four male athletics major students who have undergone regular physical training for more than five years were randomly chosen as the athletic subjects, and 12 regular male students who have not been engaged in any form of regular physical exercise or training were chosen as the non-athletic subjects, and a comparison was made between the two groups. The following were mainly observed by spirometry for the study; respiratory rate, tidal volume, vital capacity, maximum voluntary ventilation(MVV), forced expiratory volume for 1 second(FEV₁), percent FEV₁ to forced vital capacity(FEV_1%), forced expiratory flow for initial 1 liter(FEF 0.2~1.2L), and forced mid-expiratory flow(FEF 25-75%). The results obtained are summarized as follow. 1) The respiratory rate, tidal volume, and vital capacity showed no significant difference between athletes and non-athletes. The MVV in athletes was significantly (p<0.01) increased to 148.1±3.1 L/min comparing with 118.3±9.1 L/min in non-athletes. 2) FEV₁ was 3.310±0.070 L in athletes and 2.779±0.104 in non-athletes; FEV₁% 83.63±1.29% in athletes and 75.33±1.75% in non-athletes, both showing significant(p<0.01) increase in athletes. 3) FEF 0.2-1.2L was 297.1±13.5 L/min in athletes and 222.7±15.0 L/min in non-athletes; FEF 25-75% was 3.543±0.109 L/sec in non-athletes, both showing significant(p<0.01) increase in athletes. 4) Some discussions were made on these results. The lung volumes showed no significant difference between the two groups. But MVV, FEV₁, FEV₁%, FEF 0.2-1.2L and FEF 25-75% in athletes were significantly(p<0.01) higher than in non-athletes. It is therefore concluded that the athletes have more powerful respiratory muscles, or higher compliance of the lung and thorax than the non-athletes.