학모(母)가 지각한 가사 및 양육분담과 양육스트레스의 관계: 학모(母)효능감의 조절효과

The Relationships Between Mothers’ Perceived Sharing Housework and Child-rearing, and their Parenting Stress: The Moderating Roles of Maternal Efficacy

본 연구는 학모(母)가 지각한 가사 및 양육분담과 양육스트레스의 관계에 대해 분석하고, 둘의 관계를 학모효능감이 어떻게 조절하는지를 검증하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 강원도에 소재하는 초등학교 5, 6학년 자녀를 둔 어머니를 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 학모(母)가 지각한 가사 및 양육분담과 양육스트레스는 통계적으로 유의한 관련성을 나타내지 않았다. 둘째, 학모효능감과 양육스트레스의 관계에서는 학모의 역할스트레스에 대한 학교생활관리 효능감과 역할스트레스대처 효능감이 부적으로 유의한 관련성을 나타냈으며, 학모의 생활스트레스에 대한 역할스트레스대처 효능감이 부적으로 유의한 관련성을 나타냈다. 셋째, 가사 및 양육분담과 양육스트레스의 관계에서 학모효능감은 양육스트레스의 하위요인인 학모의 생활스트레스에 대해 부분적으로 완화하는 조절효과를 나타냈다. 이 연구 결과는 학모(母)의 양육스트레스를 완화할 때 가사 및 양육의 부담을 경감하는 것 보다 학모효능감을 높이는 것이 더 효과적임을 시사하고 있다.

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between mothers’ perceived housework and child-rear sharing, and their parenting stress, and to explore how maternal efficacy moderates the relationships between them. The sample was 256 mothers with 5th or 6th graders who were selected by convenient sampling method in Gangwon-do, and 218 subjects were analyzed. Housework-sharing and Parenting Scale(HPS) and Parenting Stress Scale(PSS) were used to measure the subjective awareness on sharing housework and child-rearing. Meanwhile, Efficacy Scale of Parents with School-aged Children(ESPSC) was used to assess the maternal efficacy. To examine the relationships between participation in housework and child rearing, and parenting stress, the study conducted multiple regression analysis. To test the moderating effects of maternal efficacy, the study added interaction term of maternal efficacy and independent variables in those multiple regression analyses. First of all, mothers’ participations in housework, child rearing were not significantly associated with their parenting stress. Second, regarding the relationships between maternal efficacy and parenting stress, the role stress coping which is one of 8 factors of maternal efficacy had negative relations with both two factors of parent stress. school-life management efficacy which is another factor of maternal efficacy had the negative relationships with parental role stress. Third, the maternal efficacy had a partially moderating effects in the relationships between participation in housework and child rearing, and parenting stress. The findings imply that it is more effective to enhance parent efficacy than to decrease burdens of house work and child-rearing in alleviating parental stress.