본 연구는 동적가족화가 아동의 학대경험을 파악하는 도구로 활용될 수 있는지 그 타당성을 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 부산, 대구, 경북지역의 시설아동 295명, 일반아동 282명, 총 577명이었고, 연구도구는 ‘학대경험 척도’와 ‘동적가족화’를 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 19.0 Program을 이용하여 처리하였으며, 척도의 신뢰도 검증과 그림검사의 채점자간 일치도를 구하였다. 연구 문제와 관련하여 학대경험유형별 정도를 파악하기 위하여 빈도분석을, 학대경험정도와 동적가족화 반응특성의 관계는 상관분석을, 학대경험정도에 따른 동적가족화 반응특성 차이는 t-test를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학대경험 유형별 정도는 신체학대에서는 손, 굵은 막대, 혁대 등으로 맞음이 많은 것으로, 정서학대에서는 수치심과, 모욕적인 말과 꾸짖음을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신체학대, 정서학대와 동적가족화와의 영역 중 창조성, 행복감은 부적 관계가, 상처받음, 정서적 거리, 긴장/불안, 역할전환, 이상함, 포괄적 병리는 정적 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 신체학대, 정서학대를 평균, 표준편차를 이용하여 분류한 후 동적가족화의 반응특성 차이를 t-test한 결과, 두 집단간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 따라서 동적가족화(KFD)는 학대 아동의 가족지각을 진단하는 그림투사도구로서 유용하다고 할 수 있다.
This study was conducted to see whether the KFD technique has diagnostic validity in identifying of signs of child abuse. For the research, “Kinetic Family Drawing(KFD)”drawings of 577 children from Daegu, Busan, and North Kyungsang provinces in Korea-295 from institutions which facilitate abused children and 282 from children with no known history of abuse–were evaluated with various rating criteria. A software program, Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) version 19, was used to process and analyze data, testing the results for reliability of scales and inter-raters. Additionally, frequency test is carried out to find out the degree of abuse by the types of the abused experiences. Correlation analysis is carried out to find out the responsive characteristics of KFD with the degree of the abused experiences. And t-test is carried out to find out the difference in the KFD responsive characteristics to the degree of the abused experiences. The results of this study are as follows. First, in view of the degree of the types of the abused experiences, in the physical abuse, it was found out that there were a lot of hits by hands, a thick stick, a belt. And in the emotional abuse, there were a lot of abuses by humiliation, an insulting remark, a scolding. Second, among the subcategories of the responsive characteristics of KFD with the physical abuse and the emotional abuse, the creativity and the sense of happiness showed a negative correlation. And being hurted, the emotional distance, the tension and anxiety, the role reversion, the strangeness, the comprehensive pathology showed a positive correlation. Third, after sorting out the physical abuse and the emotional abuse by the average and the standard deviation, t-test was carried out to find out the responsive characteristics in KFD, which showed a significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, KFD is available as a projection tool to diagnose the family perception of the abused children.