The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean and American primary school art textbooks in order to set up the basis for the systematic organization of the content structure of color study for primary education in Korea. In order to examine how the content structure of art textbooks is organized, one kind of art textbook from each country is selected and compared. 'Art', the title of the series of Korean primary art textbooks used from grade 3 to 6 consists of 12 units for each grade. In comparison, 'Adventures in art' textbook series for grade 1-6, one of the primary art textbooks widely used in the States are selected and compared. 'Adventures in art' is consisted of 60 units for each grade. The ratio of color study presented in primary art textbooks of each countries was respectively 16.7% in Korea, 18.9%. in America. Even though 'Adventures in art' for grade 1-6 have 360 units, there is not much difference in terms of the ratio of color study between Korean and American ones. The strength of each textbooks is follows: Korean' Art' textbook has the merits of introducing application after basic learning of color study. With the advantage of a number of units, 'Adventures in art' has the merits of explaining various and systematic color study. Korean one has the demerits of a leap in progress, and American one has the demerits of repetition of contents. As a basic research, this study was planned to limit its study range to primary education and color study. For the future study, the systematic content structure of art terminologies, design elements and principles, subject matters, and art materials and tools including color study as well as middle and high school level including primary level should be investigated together to organize the content structure of art education.