청소년 리더들의 리더십 특성과 이의 인식과 실행간 차이 분석

A Leadership Study of High-school Leaders by using Importance-Performance Analysis

본 연구는 청소년 리더들의 리더십 특성을 파악하고, 그 특성의 인식과 실행의 차이는 어떠한 양상을 보이는지 분석하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 리더십 설문도구가 사용되었으며, 201명의 고등학교 학생회장들이 설문에 참여하였다. 중요도-실행도 분석(IPA)방법이 주요 연구방법으로 사용되었다. 연구 분석 결과, 청소년 리더들이 가장 중요하게 생각한 리더십 특성은 책임감이었으며, 타인과 공동체 배려, 도전정신·열정이 그 다음 순위로 나타났다. 또한 자신보다는 타인과 관련된 리더십 특성을 더욱 중시하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 리더십의 중요성 인식에 있어서 성별에 의한 차이는 없었으나, 학문영역(인문 또는 자연계열)에 따른 차이는 발견되었다. 중요도-실행도 분석의 결과, 청소년 리더들은 비전·추진의 리더십 특성이 중요하다고는 인식하고 있었으나, 이의 실행에 있어서는 다른 특성에 비해 상대적으로 어려움이 있음을 보여주었다.

The purpose of this study was to realize current issues and problems of leadership trainings for high school leaders and understand high school leaders’ perceptions, characteristics and the differences between value and performance of leadership. To investigate high school leaders’ leadership characteristics, the high school student representatives who attended in the leadership camp in a large urban university in Seoul completed the survey. A total of 201 students participated in this study, of whom 123 (61.2%) were male and 78 (38.8%) were female. For the purpose of this study, one category included participants preparing to major in humanities and social science (n = 143; 71.1%) and the other group of students was pursuing natural science and mathematics as a college major (n = 58; 28.9%). As a result of survey, statistical significance and data analysis were preformed and discussed diverse aspects of high school students’ leadership. The results indicated that the most important characteristics of leadership were responsibility and sincerity, and collaboration, challenge, and passion were followed. Otherwise, physical conditions such as physical appearance or stamina were considered as the least important factors of leadership. Participants also addressed academic achievement, creativity, and problem-solving in less important categories. Participants emphasized that the leaders perceive inter and intrapersonal characteristics and practice them to improve relationships and lead the group members effectively. In addition, those students who are studying in humanities and social science considered vision, confidence, passion, challenge, and collaboration areas as important leadership characteristics compared to students who are pursuing science and mathematics as a college major, but there were no gender differences in leadership. The results also indicated that high school leaders perceived vision and leadership performance as important factors to be a good leader, but also indicated that it wasn’t easy to perform. We also realized that high students need to practice their leadership skills in natural settings, so we need to provide appropriate programs and trainings to maximize their leadership skills.