Three-dimensional measurement and parameters of the glenohumeral joint in a normal cadaver

Three-dimensional measurement and parameters of the glenohumeral joint in a normal cadaver: guidance in the treatment of shoulder instability

Three-dimensional measurement and the relative parameters of the glenoid and humeral head in a normal cadaver were evaluated using Mimics and Imageware software to guide the treatment of shoulder instability. The Chinese Digital Man No. 1 and Woman No. 1 were used as the normal cadavers, which were collected and made by the Southern Medical University in Guangzhou, China. Four shoulders were collected from Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format by computed tomography scans and three-dimensional reconstructions were performed in Mimics software. The parameters of the glenoid and humeral head were the anteroposterior diameter, supra-inferior diameter, depth and curvature radius of the glenoid labrum, and radius of the humeral head. In Man No. 1, both shoulder showed an anteroposterior diameter of 24.66 and 23.70 mm, respectively; a suprainferior diameter of 34.70 and 33.43 mm, respectively; glenoid labrum depth of 4.05 and 4.01 mm, respectively; curvature radius of the glenoid labrum of 82.43 and 86.35 mm, respectively; and radius of humeral head of 22.16 and 22.22 mm, respectively. In Woman No. 1, both shoulder showed an anteroposterior diameter of 20.40 and 19.96 mm, respectively; a supra-inferior diameter of 29.68 and 29.35 mm, respectively; glenoid labrum depth of 2.48 and 2.34 mm, respectively; curvature radius of the glenoid labrum of 115.84 and 109.59 mm, respectively; and radius of humeral head of 20.48 and 19.80 mm, respectively. The threedimensional measurement of the shoulder parameters is an accurate method by computer software, in which the parameters will provide guidance in choosing the surgical procedure of a shoulder instability.