中國語의 複數 表現法과 元代 常用 複數標志 ‘每’의 語法化 硏究 ―《忠義直言》을 중심으로

Three types of plural forms are discovered in the ancient literature 《Chung-ui-jig-eon》: propositional plural markers placed in front of the main word – either noun or pronoun, postpositional plural markers placed behind the main word, and pro-/postpositional mixed plural markers. The Mongolian Rule in China during Yuan Dynasty caused the osmotic linguistic imperialism of the Mongolian over the Chinese language. Mongolian language – an Altaiian language which is postpositional – dominantly influenced the Chinese language – which is a propositional language. In addition, the previous usage of ‘輩’, ‘等’, ‘伟’ , ‘满’ in Ancient Chinese, made it easier for ‘每’ to be accepted and grammaticalized as a plural marker. The grammaticalization of ‘每’ had been progressed through the reinterpretation of ‘每’ in the structure of S(NP)+每+VP . As a result, ‘每’ had started to be widely used as a postpositional plural ending behind noun or pronoun, regardless of its position in the sentence.