학부모 효능감 척도의 타당화 연구

Validation of Efficacy Scale of Parents with School-Aged Children

본 연구는 자녀교육에 참여하는 학부모의 행동 원인을 탐구하기 위해 Bandura의 학부모효능감 척도를 우리나라의 학부모에게 적용하고 그 타당도를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 Bandura의 학부모효능감 척도를 번안하여 전문가의 검토를 거쳐 총 47문항의 학부모효능감 척도를 구성하였고, 이에 대한 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 척도의 타당도 검증을 위해 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였고, 준거타당도 검증을 위해 부모역할수행과 학부모스트레스와의 상관을 검토하였다. 연구 대상은 임의로 표집된 강원도와 경기도, 경상도 소재 초등학교 고학년 자녀를 둔 학부모 288명이었고, 수집된 조사자료는 SPSS 21.0과 Amos 21.0을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과, 총 8요인 46문항(학교생활관리 효능감 6문항, 여가활동관리 효능감 8문항, 사회생활관리 효능감 7문항, 위험행동통제 효능감 4문항, 학교체제감독 효능감 8문항, 지역사회자원활용 효능감 4문항, 역할스트레스대처 효능감 5문항, 어려움극복 효능감 6문항)이 최종 문항으로 선정되었다. 전반적인 분석결과는 본 척도가 학부모효능감을 측정하기 위한 구성개념을 비교적 타당하게 반영하고 있음을 보여주었다.

The purpose of this study is to validate the efficacy scale for parents with school-aged children(ESPSC). Forty-seven(47) items of the ESPSC were composed in the base of Bandura s parental self-efficacy scale(2006), and examined its reliability and validity. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to evaluate the validity of the ESPSC, and correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to confirm its criterion validity. The subjects were 288 parents with children in late elementary school grades, and the data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 and Amos 21.0. The findings are as follows. First, exploratory factor analysis of the ESPSC yielded eight subfactors; school-life management efficacy, leisure-time management efficacy, social-life management efficacy, high-risk behavior control efficacy, school-system monitoring efficacy, community resources utilization efficacy, role stress coping efficacy, and resiliency efficacy, and yielded forty-six(46) items of parent efficacy construct. Second, confirmatory factor analysis showed that the goodness of fit of the eight factor model of the ESPSC was confirmed, and internal consistency reliabilities of the factors were satisfactory. Third, all the eight factors of the ESPSC were positively related to parental role performance significantly, and six factors of the ESPSC were negatively associated with parent stress significantly. Finally, the implications and limitations of the study were discussed based on the findings.