Transcriptional profiles of Rhizobium vitis-inoculated and salicylic acid-treated ‘Tamnara’ grapevines based on microarray analysis

The transcriptional profiles of ``Tamnara`` grapevine (Vitis labruscana L.) to Rhizobium vitis were determined using 12,000 gene oligonucleotide microarray chips constructed with 6,776 unigenes based on the EST sequencing. Among them, 95 clones were up-regulated more than three times and 90 were down-regulated more than 5-times in the R. vitis-inoculated grapevines relative to the control vines. Treatment of salicylic acid showed that 337 clones were upregulated and 52 clones were down regulated in grapevines. Microarray analysis, reverse transcription-polymer chain reaction, and slot blot hybridization analysis revealed that 5, 14, and 64 clones were up-regulated and 10, 12, and 61 clones were down-regulated in wounded, salicylic acidtreated, and R. vitis-inoculated ``Tamnara`` grapevine leaves, respectively. The expression patterns of β-1,3-glucanase, proline-rich protein, and lipoxygenase genes of ``Tamnara`` moderately resistant to R. vitis were similar to those of resistant ``Concord`` and ``Delaware`` grapevines. However, chalcone synthase genes in ``Tamnara`` grapevines showed similar expression patterns to susceptible grapevines ``Neomuscat`` and ``Rizamat``. Further expression studies with various clones for each gene should be conducted to elucidate their roles in resistant responses against pathogens or other stimuli in grapevines. These results could provide better resources for understanding the mechanism of defense responses against crown gall disease and clues for identifying new genes that may play a role in defense against R. vitis in grapevines.