장애인의 진로발달단계에 따른 취업결정요인에 관한 연구

A Study on the Determinants of Disabled People’s Employment according to Career development stages

본 연구는 장애인의 취업결정요인을 진로발달단계를 중심으로 분석하고, 진로발달단계별 주요 변인의 영향력을 비교·분석함으로써 시기별 특성에 맞는 장애인 취업 활성화 방안을 모색하는데 있다. 이를 위해 Super의 진로발달단계이론을 근거로 탐색기, 확립기, 유지기로 구분하여, 2010년 장애인고용패널조사에 응답한 4,566명 중 65세 이상 420명을 제외한 4,146명을 대상으로 인구학적 요인, 건강 및 장애 요인, 인적자본 요인 등의 측면에서 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 비교·분석하였다. 분석결과, 탐색기 장애인의 취업에 영향을 미치는 요인은 가구주일수록, 일상생활의 전반적 만족도가 높고 일상생활에서의 도움이 작을수록 취업할 확률이 높게 나타났다. 확립기 장애인의 경우는 남성이면서 가구주이고 비수급자일수록 그리고 장애정도가 경증이고 일상생활에 도움을 적게 받으면서 일상생활에 만족도가 높을수록 취업할 확률이 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로 유지기에서는 대부분의 변인이 영향요인으로 인구학적 요인에서는 남자이면서, 가구주이고 배우자가 있으며 국민기초생활수급자가 아닐 경우에 취업할 확률이 높으며, 장애 및 건강 요인에서 장애의 정도가 경증이면서 일상생활의 도움이 필요 없을수록, 내부 신체장애보다 외부 신체장애, 감각장애, 정신장애일수록, 일상생활의 전반적 만족도가 높을수록 취업할 가능성이 높다고 할 수 있고, 학력은 대체로 취업 가능성을 감소시키나 자격증이 있을 경우 취업의 가능성이 높다고 할 수 있다.

The objective of this study was to look for strategies to activate the employment of the disabled in accordance with their characteristics at each of the career development stages by analyzing the determinants of disabled people’s employment according to age and comparing the influence of major variables among the age groups. Based on the theory of career development stages, we divided career development into the exploration stage (17∼30 years), the establishment stage (31∼44) and the maintenance stage (45∼64). The subjects of this study were 4,146 sampled out of 4,566 people who replied to the 2010 Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled, excluding 420 who were aged 65 or older. They were analyzed comparatively through logistic regression in the aspects of demographic factors, health and disability factors, human resource factors, etc. As to factors influencing the employment of disabled people at the exploration stage, overall satisfaction with daily life was higher in household heads, and the probability of being employed was higher in those who did not need much help for daily life. As to factors influencing the employment of disabled people at the establishment stage, the probability of being employed was higher in men who were household heads and non‐beneficiaries, those whose disability was mild, and who did not receive much help for daily life. Lastly, as to factors influencing the employment of disabled people at the maintenance stage, most of the variables were influential factors. That is, according to demographic factors, the probability of being employed was higher in men who were household heads, did not have a spouse, and were not national basic livelihood security beneficiaries, and according to disability and health factors, it was higher in those who had mild disabilities, did not need much help for daily life, had external physical disabilities, sensory disturbances or mental disorders rather than internal disabilities, and had high overall satisfaction with daily life. Academic qualification generally decreased the probability of being employed, but those with certificates showed a higher probability.