회암사지 온돌을 통해 본 조선전기 전면온돌 구축방법의 변천과 그 의미

The Changes in the Construction Method of Full Floor Heating Ondol Facilites and its Meaning in the Early Joseon Dynasty: Revealed though the Ondol Remains of the Hoeam Temple Site

본 연구의 목적은 회암사지에서 발굴된 82동의 건물지 가운데 온돌이 시설된 38동의 건물지를 분석하여 조선전기 전면온돌의 구축방법과 변화과정을 추정해 보는 데 있다. 이를 통해 고려후기~조선시대문헌기록에 등장하는 ‘燠室’, ‘ 間[인칸]’, ‘溫突(房)을 연관하여 해석해 보고, 회암사지 온돌이 지니는가치와 조선전기 전면온돌의 전개양상을 고찰해 보려고 한다. 회암사지의 온돌은 지리적 위치상 한반도의 중부지역에 위치하면서 축조시기가 조선전기(15~16세기) 로 명확하며, 다양한 형태와 여러 차례 수축과정이 고스란히 남아 있다는 점에서 조선전기 전면온돌의변천과정을 볼 수 있는 대표적인 유적이라 할 수 있다. 회암사지 전면온돌이 보여주는 건축고고학적 가치는 조선전기 온돌구조의 규명(시대성, 상이성), 다양한 구법과 기술적 변화 모색(열효율 증대노력), 間의 출현과 廚[부엌]으로 전개, 지형의 고저를 활용한 고설식 온돌의 등장이라 할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze 38 building sites equipped with ondol facilities among 82 buildings excavated from the Hoeam Temple Site, in order to examine the way ondol facilities were constructed and how this process changed throughout the early Joseon Dynasty. Research is carried out with reference to ‘燠室 (uksil)’ ‘ 間 (inkan)’, and ‘溫突 (ondol)’, which appear in the literature records of the late Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties, and to consider the overall value of ondol technology. Ondol is a traditional facility of residential space in Korea. However few studies have been undertaken on what technical changes were passed down to the present day from the early Goryeo Dynasty, when the full floor heating system first appeared. The process of change, from partial floor heating ondol to full floor heating ondol, shows that it is very important to combine the meanings of the developments in the way ondol facilities were made in order to increase the thermal efficiency of the floor heating system. Geographically, Hoeam Temple is located in the central region of the Korean Peninsula and the early Joseon Dynasty (the 15th to 16th century) is the most obvious period of construction. The value of the entire floor area of Hoeam Temple site, based on an architectural archaeological perspective, can be approached though a survey of ondol structures (focuing on age, differences) of the early Joseon Dynasty, on the search for various types of application methods, technological changes (the theory of thermal efficiency development), and on the function of the buildings.