Self-support vocational training aims to help low-income classes below minimum standard of living, especially those who have working ability among them, to let them support themselves by their job ability through proving them with appropriate vocational training with enforcement of the National Basic Livelihood Security System as of October 1st, 2000. However, self-support vocational training has several problems even at the start of its operation since it was put into practice without a sufficient preliminary examination before the introduction of the National Basic Licelihood Security System. The training has only been carried out as a part of existing vocational training for the unemployed. This research aims to analyze the actual condition and the problems of self-support vacational training and to seek for comprehensive improvement plans in order to activate the training. Based on these results of the study, I would like to suggest the following to activate self-support vocational training. It should not be overlooked that the recipients of self-support training, low-income classes, are very poor in human resources as well as in material resources. Thus, self-support training should have a support system that is closely linked with social welfare service system.