돌봄의 학교공동체 형성을 위한 여성윤리적 접근

A Feminine Ethical Approach for Building School Community with Caring : N. Noddings and J. C. Tronto s Perspectives

본 연구는 돌봄의 학교공동체 형성을 위한 여성윤리로서 돌봄의 윤리를 제시하고 돌봄의 윤리가 학교공동체 형성 및 교육에 주는 시사점과 구체적 실천 방안에 대해 논의하고자 한다. 길리건(Carol Gilligan)의 돌봄의 도덕성 발달 이론을 시작으로 교육학, 철학, 여성학 등 다양한 분야에서 돌봄의 윤리에 대하여 얘기하고 있다. 그 중 본 연구에서는 돌봄, 관계, 신뢰, 실천의 학교공동체 만들기를 논의하는데 가장 적합하다고 간주되는 나딩스와 트론토의 돌봄의 윤리를 중심으로 논의를 전개할 것이다. 그들이 주장하는 돌봄의 윤리와 학교학습의 관계에 대하여 살펴보고, 돌봄의 학교공동체 형성을 위한 네 가지 실천적 방안 - 간주관적 의사소통 관계 형성, 윤리적 스승으로서의 교사의 역할변화, 협업학습의 확대, 학교 구성원들 간의 상호신뢰 구축 - 을 제시하여 우리의 학교와 교육이 나아가야 할 방향을 모색해 본다.

The current forms of school community are based on individual-centered education, encouraging intense competition and discouraging educational relationship. This study intends to search an alternative notion of school community to it. The purpose of this study is to discuss the possibilities of a feminine ethical approach as an alternative perspective in forming of school community with caring. The ethic of caring allows us to look at school community from a relational point of view which is too often neglected in conventional education. Especially, Noddings and Tronto try to understand caring as the universal moral disposition and sociomoral practice. Although there are a few differences between two theorists, both of them give us useful ideas to understand the ethic of caring. Based on these theories, this study suggests following guidelines constructive of school community with caring : (a) intersubjective communication, (b) teacher as a mentor, (c) forming of collaborative learning, and (d) building of mutual trust relationship between school community members. These four points are expected to overcome the problems of current schooling and to construct educational relations based on caring. Building school communities based on ethic of caring might be able to offer possibilities to change the current forms of schooling into caring and mutual trust. As a kind of school culture, the ethic of caring should be taken seriously into account in forming school community.