「예기」에 나타난 전통 교육의 종교성과 聖顯

The Religious Aspect of Traditional Education and Hierophany : An Interpretation of Yuehling in Liki

전통사회의 교육은 현대 교육과는 달리 종교성을 그 중요한 특징으로 삼고 있다. 「예기」의 월령편은 시간에 대한 고대인들의 종교적 태도를 잘 드러내는 동시에 예를 중심으로 한 동양의 전통 교육의 종교적 측면을 훌륭하게 예시해 준다. 이 점은 특히 엘리아데의 성현의 개념에 비추어 설명될 수 있다. 엘리아데에 의하면 ‘거룩한 시간’에 대한 관념은 신에 의한 세계 창조를 재연하고자 하는 인류 공통의 종교적 경험을 이룬다. 오늘날의 교육은 이미 과거와 같은 의미의 종교성을 상실한 것이 사실이지만, 다른 한편으로 여전히 잠재적 형태의 종교성을 보존하고 있다. 교육과 종교의 관련을 밝히는 일은 현대 교육을 이해하는 데에 필수불가결한 이론적 과제의 하나이다.

Liki, as one of the most influential texts in the Eastern traditional education, highlights that people in the ancient era had been taught under a great religious atmosphere. This study focuses on the chapter of Yuehling in Liki to reveal what people had experienced particularly through their religious education. Using Elide s terminology, the concept of hierophany characterizes the ancient idea of sacred time in Yuehling. The purpose of the ancient education lies in leading people to divine states by following the rules of Yuehling, which constitute li in general. Therefore, li, so far as it is accepted as hierophany, has people experience the paradox between the sacred and the profane, and finally reach divine states. In addition, this study contrasts Eliade s archetype of world with Otto s archetype of mind . This distinction can help us to understand the relationship between two different modes of Liki-education : one is based on knowledge and the other ritual. Eliade s archetype of world emphasizes Liki-education based on ritual, while Otto s archetype of mind emphasizes Liki-education based on knowledge. Even though those two ideas differ in many significant points, they collaborate each other under the system of the traditional religious education. In this sense, the religious aspect of the traditional education makes it possible to solve one of the major problems in the field of philosophy of religion. The modern education also appears to potentially have the religious aspect. To explain the religious aspect in the modern education is an urgent task in our era.