한국 중고령자의 은퇴와 건강 관계에 관한 연구

The Study on the Relationship between Retirement and Health among Korean Middle-aged and Older Adults

본 연구의 목적은 중·고령자의 은퇴와 건강의 관계를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 고령화연구패널조사 자료를 사용하였으며 은퇴와 건강 간의 연관관계를 검증하기 위하여 성향점수매칭을 통하여 자료를 매칭한 후, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 은퇴와 건강의 관계를 검증한 결과, 은퇴가 건강에 미치는 영향은 은퇴의 유형에 따라 상이하게 나타났다. 은퇴자는 비은퇴자에 비해서 많은 만성질환 수, 높은 우울, 낮은 인지수준, 높은 사회참여와 유의한 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 특수직 은퇴자는 일반직 은퇴자에 비해서 높은 인지적 수준, 높은 사회활동 수준과 통계적 유의성을 보였다. 본 연구는 은퇴가 중고령자의 건강에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 또한 특수직 은퇴자와 일반직 은퇴자와의 관계를 분석함으로써 공적연금의 강화와 다층노후소득보장체계 구축의 필요성을 강조하고자 하였다.

This study aims to examine the relationship between retirement and health among Korean middle-aged and older adults. To this end, the propensity score matching was conducted on 10,254 people and overusing the data from the 2014 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Afterward, Ordinary Least Squares regression analysis was performed. The matching group is the retirement status and pre-retirement job, respectively. In the regression model, as a result of verifying the relationship between retirement and health in the state of controlling the covariate, the relationship was different depending on the type of retirement. Retirement was found to have a significant relationship with a higher number of chronic diseases, higher depression, lower cognitive level, and higher social participation than non-retired persons. Also, special-job workers retirement showed a higher cognitive level, and higher social activity and statistical significance than general retirees. This study empirically analyzed the negative relationship between retirement and health by examining the retirement types among Korean middle-aged and older adults. In addition, by analyzing the relationship between the retirees of special-job workers who retire in a relatively stable state and the retirees of general workers who are relatively unstable, the need to strengthen the public pension and establish a multi-class retirement income guarantee system was to be emphasized.