귀농·귀촌 시기별 귀농·귀촌 과정 및 경제·지역사회활동 실태 변화 분석

A Trend Analysis of Urban-rural Migrants’ Background, Economic Activity, and Community Participation

이 연구에서는 2000년대 후반 경제위기와 더불어 정부 차원의 다양한 귀농·귀촌 지원사업이 추진되면서 증가하고 있는 귀농·귀촌인들의 주요 특성(귀농·귀촌 과정, 경제활동 및 지역사회활동 실태)이 시기별 변화 실태를 분석하였다. 지역별 귀농·귀촌자 분포를 고려하여 선정된 1,209명의 조사협조자를 대상으로 2014년 11월 24일부터 12월 28일까지 우편조사를 실시하였고, 이 중 1,000명이 응답하였다. 연구결과 몇가지 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 최근 들어 준비없는 귀농·귀촌자가 점차 줄고 있었다. 둘째, 귀농·귀촌자들은 귀농·귀촌 이후 다양한 경제활동에 참여하면서 경제상황이 점차 나아지고 있었다. 셋째, 귀농·귀촌자들은 농업발전 및 지역개발에 있어서 기여하고자 하는 욕구가 있었다. 넷째, 귀농·귀촌 특성 및 단계별 차별화된 정부의 귀농·귀촌 체계적 지원이 필요하였다. 이와 더불어 후속연구로서 귀농·귀촌자에 대한 종단연구를 제안하였다.

The number of urban-rural migrants has been increasing with various government projects supporting people who are returning to farms and rural villages. The purpose of this study was to analyze changes of the major characteristics of urban-rural migrants (background, economic activity, and community participation) by settlement period. The survey was conducted by mail from November 24 to December 28, 2014, taking regional distribution of urban-rural migrants based on national statistics into account. Of 1,209 who were selected and mailed questionnaires, 1,000 subjects responded. The following five conclusions were drawn as a result of the study: First, due to active training and support from government in recent years, there were less unprepared urban-rural migrants and more white-collar urban-rural migrants. Second, the economic status of urban-rural migrants improved as they participated more in a variety of economic activities as time went by. Third, urban-rural migrants had great potential to contribute to the development of agriculture and rural community. Fourth, it was increasingly important to systematically support urban-rural migrants considering their background and characteristics. Furthermore, longitudinal research was suggested as a succeeding study.