여대생이 인식한 진로장벽과 진로결정자기효능감 및 진로결정수준의 인과모형

Decision-Making Self-Efficacy, and Career Decision Level of Female College Students

본 연구에서는 우리나라 여대생들을 대상으로 여성의 진로발달을 저해하는 진로장벽이 인식되는 과정과 인식된 진로장벽이 이후에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 그 일련의 과정을 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 먼저, 여대생의 진로장벽 인식, 진로결정자기효능감, 진로결정수준을 하위집단에 따라 구명하여 보았고, 다음으로 진로장벽 인식, 진로결정자기효능감, 진로결정수준, 내외통제성, 특성불안 간의 인과모형을 설정하여 이를 검증하여 보고자 하였다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해서 전국의 4년제 대학교에 재학 중인 여대생을 모집단으로 하여 선행연구에서 진로장벽 인식에 있어서 차이를 보인 학교 소재 지역, 학교 성별 특성, 전공계열, 학년에 따라 유층화 군집표집과 비율표집을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 7개 대학교에 102명씩 총 714명의 여대생이 표집 되었으며 이 중에서 695명이 응답하여 97%의 회수율을 보였다. 그러나 불성실 응답을 제외한 691부만이 결과분석에 사용되었다. 연구의 결과 진로장벽 인식, 진로결정자기효능감, 진로결정수준은 학교 소재 지역, 학교 성별 특성, 전공계열, 학년에 따라 부분적으로 차이를 보였고 진로장벽 인식, 진로결정자기효능감, 진로결정수준, 내외통제성, 특성불안 간의 인과모형도 부분적으로 검증되었다. 또한, 이러한 인과모형 역시 학교 소재 지역, 학교 성별 특성, 전공계열, 학년에 따라 부분적으로 차이를 보였다.

The purpose of this study was to verify a casual model among perceived career barriers, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career decision level of female college students. For this, perceived career barriers, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career decision level of female college students were analyzed according to school location, coeducation or female college, major, grade, and a casual model among perceived career barriers, career decision-making self-efficacy, career decision level, internal-external locus of control, and trait anxiety of female college students was tested. Data were collected using instruments to measure perceived career barriers, career decision-making self-efficacy, career decision level, internal- external locus of control, and trait anxiety of 691 female college students in Korea. As for statistical methods, reliability analysis using Cronbach s alpha, validity analysis using factor analysis, ANOVA, correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, simultaneous multiple regression analysis, and path analysis were used in the study. Results of this study were as follows: ① The average score of perceived career barriers of female college students were lower than the middle score. It means that female college students can t perceive career barriers objectively. ② Some of the average scores of perceived career barriers, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career decision level were different according to school location, coeducation or female college, major, grade. It means that perception of career barriers, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career decision level of female college students are affected by the surrounding circumstances of female college students. ③ The result of testing a casual model among perceived career barriers, career decision-making self-efficacy, career decision level, internal-external locus of control, and trait anxiety of female college students was that all paths coefficients were demonstrated excepting the path coefficient of internal-external locus of control→career barriers . It means that perception of career barriers affected by trait anxiety, and perceived career barriers affect career decision- making self-efficacy, and career decision level. And mediation effect of career decision-making self-efficacy between perceived career barriers and career decision level was demonstrated in part. ④ Some of paths coefficients in the casual model among perceived career barriers, career decision-making self-efficacy, career decision level, internal- external locus of control, and trait anxiety of female college students were different according to school location, coeducation or female college, major, grade. It means that the influence of internal-external locus of control and trait anxiety on perceived career barriers, the influence of perceived career barriers on career decision-making self-efficacy and career decision level are affected by the surrounding circumstances of female college students.