Drivers Avoidance Behavior When Passing by Mobility-Impaired People and Characteristics: To Discuss the Driver’s Education Related to the Protection of Pedestrians

In this study, we researched the driving behavior when a healthy person, a personwith visual impairment, a person in wheelchair, a senior citizen, and a mother with a toddler was walking on the right side of the road where there is no separation between the road and sidewalk. The location of observation was (1) 50m to the pedestrian, (2) when the vehicle is passing the pedestrian, (3) 30m after passing the pedestrian, and at each point, the distance between the pedestrian and the vehicle and the velocity of the vehicle was measured. The average distance and velocity at observation point 2 and 3 is calculated with the value of observation point 1 as 100%. However, at observation point 2, vehicles who drove under 10km were determined as outliner and it was excluded from calculating the average. At observation point 2, the distance betweenthe pedestrian and the vehicle was the shortest for a healthy person (131%). On the other hand, there were many drivers who drove double the distance away from the observation point 1 for a person with visual impairment (208%) and a mother with a toddler (215%). As for the velocity, it was 86% for a healthy person where as it was 72% for a person in wheelchair and a senior citizen, 63% for a mother with a toddler, and 60% for a person with visual impairment. Some vehicles stopped or almost stopped when passing a person with visual impairment. Also, some vehicle honked when passing a person with visual impairment.

本研究では，歩車道が分かれていない道路の脇を健常者，視覚障害者、車いす使用者、高齢者、幼児連れの母親のそれぞれが右側通行している場合に、歩行者に向かって走行する自動車のドライバーがどのような行動をとるかを調べた。測定地点は、歩行者の50m手前（1）、歩行者とすれ違う地点（2）、歩行者の30m後方（3）の3カ所であり、それぞれの地点において歩行者と自動車の間の距離と自動車の速度を測定した。測定地点2や3の距離や速度の平均値は、測定地点1を100％とした場合の割合で示した。ただし、測定地点2において時速10㎞未満であった車両は外れ値とし、平均値を算出する際には除いた。測定地点2における歩行者との距離は、健常者（131％）が最も小さかった。一方、視覚障害者（208％）や幼児連れの母親（215％）とすれ違う際には測定地点1の2倍近くの距離を空けるドライバーが多かった。速度についても、健常者が86％であったのに対して、車いす使用者および高齢者72％、幼児連れの母親63％、視覚障害者60％であった。視覚障害者とすれ違う際には一時停止や停止に近い状態まで速度を落とす車両があった。また、視覚障害者とすれ違う際にクラクションを鳴らした車両があった。