体育领域知识产权保护问题的研究

On Protection of Intellectual Property in Sports

随着时代的发展和体育产品价值的展现，体育领域知识产权保护问题越来越引起人们的重视。本文运用文献资料法、逻辑推理法、专家访问法、案例分析法，对体育领域知识产权保护问题进行研究。通过对知识产权的性质、特征的分析，仔细研究体育领域中智力成果的特征。认为：体育领域中不存在独立的体育知识产权，所谓体育知识产权是各种知识产权在体育运动领域的具体体现，除了它的主体或客体要具有体育的原素外,与一般知识产权并无不同；体育领域中受知识产权保护多集中在标志、名称、徽记、商标、广告发布等无形客体中，大致有如下几类：（1）受著作权法保护的有体育著作、论文、大型运动会的竞赛计划、体育场馆的设计图、体育场馆的建筑作品等。（2）受专利法保护的有运动器材、仪器设备等。（3）受商标法保护的有各类大型体育竞赛运动会的标志、各类体育俱乐部的徽标、各类体育用品的商标等；人类一切智力成果不是都能成为知识产权保护客体的，体育竞赛中的技战术，体育比赛项目等智力成果不应成为知识产权的保护客体。

With the development of times and the awareness of the value of sports products, intellectual property protection in sports has drawn increasing attention. This paper mainly focuses on the topic on the protection of interllectual property in sports with the method of literature and data analysis, logical reasoning, expert interview and case analysis. By analysing the nature and characteristics of interllecture property and the intellectual achievements in sports, the writer holds the idea that there does not exist independent intellectual property in sports. The so called intellectual property in sports is a concrete manifestation of a variety of intellectual property in the field of sports.It has no difference from the others except for the sports elements in its subject or object.Such intangible objects as sign, name, emblem, trademark and the issue of advertisement, etc. mainly protected by the interllecture property in sports area can be roughly catergorized as follows: (1) Those protected by the Copyright Law such as sports works, papers, contest programs for large scale sports meet, design chart and the construction works for stadium and gymnasium, etc. (2) Those protected by the Patent Laws such as sports equipment or apparatus. (3)Those protected by the Trademark Law such as different kinds of signs for large scale sports games, logos forvarious sports clubs, trademarks for types of sports goods. Not all human interllectural achievements can be the object of Interllecture Property. The interllectual achievements such as tactics in sports games and sports events should not be the object of protection by the Intellectual Property Law.