우연학습이론을 적용한 대학생 진로상담프로그램 개발 및 타당성 검증

The Development and Validation of Career Counseling Program for University Students based on The Happenstance Learning Theory

오늘날 과학기술의 발달로 사회의 변화가 급속하게 진행되면서 직업 환경에서도 새로운 형태로의 변화가 빠르게 일어나고 있다. 이런 직업 환경의 변화 속에서 오늘날 대학생들에게 개인특성과 직업특성을 매칭하여 직업선택을 강조하는 전통적인 진로상담모델을 적용하는 데는 한계가 있다. 대학생에게 좀 더 현실적이고 구체적인 도움을 주기 위한 새로운 관점의 진로상담모델이론과 상담이 요구된다. 이에 본 연구는 Krumboltz(2009)가 제안한 우연학습이론을 적용한 진로상담프로그램을 개발하고 진로상담프로그램의 타당성을 검증하였다. 프로그램의 개발과정은 기획 및 분석, 설계, 개발, 평가의 네 단계를 거쳤다. 기획 및 분석단계에서는 기존의 진로상담이론과 선행연구를 고찰하여 이론적 근거와 프로그램의 구성요소 및 운영원리를 추출하였다. 설계단계에서는 진로상담프로그램의 모형, 프로그램의 목표와 내용을 선정하였다. 개발단계에서는 총 10회기의 프로그램을 구안하였다. 평가 단계에서는 전문가 간의 합의를 도출하는 델파이 방법(Delphi method)을 사용하여 프로그램의 구성요소로 추출된 항목과 1차와 2차 진로상담프로그램의 타당성을 검증하였다. 델파이는 진로교육 및 상담전문가 총 19명으로 패널을 구성하여 두 차례를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 타당성이 검증된 요소를 기반으로 하여 우연학습이론을 적용한 진로상담프로그램을 개발하였다. 논의에서는 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 추후연구와 실제 상담에서 우연학습이론을 적용한 진로상담프로그램을 활용하는 방안을 제시하였다.

It is becoming increasingly difficult for university students of today to predict the future, pick a career path and prepare for it due to the rapidly-changing work environment. Reflecting this situation of the times, career counseling needs to help them cope with changes and uncertainty, decide their future careers that will make their lives more contented and prepare for employment. For this, this study aims to help university students recognize unplanned things happening in their lives as something positive, turn them into a chance for career and make use of it, develop a career counseling program based on the happenstance learning theory and verify its validity. There were four stages―planning and analysis, design, development, and evaluation―toward developing the program. At the stage of planning and analysis, the existing career counseling theories were considered and the happenstance learning theory, one of the alternative career counseling theories reflecting changes in today’s work environment, was used as a rationale in order to extract happenstance attitude and happenstance technique area covering topics such as the main idea, basic assumption, key elements and process of career counseling and program. At the stage of design, the stage model of the career counseling program was designed as focusing on the career counseling process of the happenstance learning theory and selected the purpose, goal and content of the program. At the stage of development, a 10-session program according to the stage model of the career counseling program based on the content selected at the stage of design was made. At the stage of evaluation, the validities of the items extracted as the elements of program and the primary and secondary programs were verified. For the verification of validity, a delphi-method deducing agreement between experts was used. A total of 19 delphi panels including career education and counseling professionals consisted of the group of experts, and each expert was surveyed twice. This study has a significance in that it developed a program where the happenstance learning theory which is a career counseling theory with a new perspective reflecting today s work environment, deduced the elements of the program and verified the validity of the program prepared based on this. Based on these results, there was discussion about plans to use it in further researches and actual counseling.