초⋅중학생의 행복 변화유형과 생태학적 영향 연구

A Study on the Types and Effect of Changes on the Happiness of Elementary and Middle School Students

본 연구는 초⋅중학생의 행복 변화유형을 살펴보고 유형별로 예측변인과의 영향관계를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국아동⋅청소년패널의 1차(2010년)부터 6차(2015년)까지의 데이터에서 초⋅중학생 2,057명을 선정하였으며, 분석방법은 잠재프로파일성장분석(LPGA)과 다항로지스틱 회귀분석을 적용하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 행복의 변화유형은 3집단으로 나타나‘상층_행복감소집단’, ‘행복유지집단’, ‘하층_행복증가집단’으로 명명하였다. 둘째, 다항로지스틱 회귀분석을 통하여 상층_행복감소집단을 준거집단으로 하고 행복유지집단과 비교하였을 때, 개인요인에서는 건강상태가 나쁠수록, 학교요인에서는 교우관계가 좋지 않을수록 상층_행복감소집단에 포함될 확률이 높았다. 그러나 지역사회요인에서는 유의미한 변수가 없었다. 상층_행복감소집단을 준거집단으로 하고 하층_행복증가집단과 비교하였을 때, 학교요인에서는 학습활동과 교우관계가 좋지 않을수록 상층_행복감소집단에 포함될 확률이 높았지만, 개인요인과 지역사회요인에서는 유의한 변인이 도출되지 않았다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 시사점, 제한점 및 후속연구의 방향을 제시하였다.

In this study, it aims to examine the types of happiness changes in elementary and middle school students and verify the relation with predicting variables by type. To this end, 2,057 elementary and middle school students were selected from the data of the first(2010) to sixth(2015) Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS), and the analysis method is applied with Latent Profile Growth Analysis (LPGA) and Multinomial Logistic Regression. The results are as follows. First, the types of happiness change were named Happiness Reduction Group , Happiness Maintenance Group and Happiness Increase Group . Second, when comparing Happiness Reduction Group, as a reference group, with Happiness Maintenance Group, the worse the health condition in the individual factor, and the worse the friendship relationship in the school factor, the higher the probability of being included in Happiness Reduction Group. However, there was no significant variable in the community factor. When comparing Happiness Reduction Group, as a reference group, with Happiness Increase Group, the worse the learning activity and friendship in the school factor, the higher the probability of being included in Happiness Reduction Group, but there were no significant results derived in the individual and community factors. Based on these results, it suggested the implications and limitations of this study, and the direction of follow-up research.