골프지도자의 직업 정체성과 직업 만족의 관계에서 임파워먼트 매개 효과 검증

The mediating role of empowerment on golf instructors’ occupational identity and job satisfaction

본 연구의 목적은 골프지도자의 직업 정체성과 직무 만족의 관계에서 임파워먼트의 매개 효과를 검증하고자 수행되었다. 연구를 위해 골프지도자 128명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 수행하고 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, 요인 분석을 적용하여 분석하였다. 연구 변수 간 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson correlation coefficients를 산출하고 정규성을 조사하기 위해서 기술 통계량을 확인하였다. 또한, 매개 효과를 검정하기 위해서 인구학적 특성을 통제변수로 하여 Baron과 Kenny가 제안한 3단계 매개 효과 검정방법을 적용하고 유의성 검정은 Sobel test로 확인하였다. 연구결과, 첫째 직업 정체성과 직업 만족의 영향 관계에서 영향력 요인은 완전매개를 하고 있었다. 둘째, 직업 정체성과 직업 만족의 영향 관계에서 자기 결정성 요인은 유의했고 직업 정체성은 유의하지 않아 완전 매개 요인으로 나타났다. 셋째, 직업정체성과 직업 만족의 관계에서 유능성 요인은 완전매개 요인으로 나타났다. 넷째, 직업 정체성과 직업 만족의 영향 관계에서 의미성 요인의 매개 효과 검증결과 독립변수인 직업 정체성의 효과와 의미성의 효과가 유의하게 나타났고 직업 정체성의 효과는 1단계보다 감소하였기 때문에 부분 매개 요인으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 골프지도자의 임파워먼트가 직업 정체성과 함께 직업 만족에 영향을 미치는 결정적인 요인이며 임파워먼트 요인별 다른 매개를 하고 있음을 밝혔다는 데 의미가 있다.

Purpose: The current study examined the mediating effect of empowerment on the association between occupational identity and job satisfaction of Korean golf instructors. This study can provide empirical data about the dimensions of empowerment that need to be promoted for golf instructors and their job satisfaction. Methods: First, the frequency analysis was conducted on the demographic information of respondents. Second, Cronbach’s ’α and factor analysis were used to determine the reliability and validity of the measurements. Third, Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the correlation among variables, then the descriptive statistics were inspected for the normality test. Fourth, to examine the mediating effect, the 3 step mediation analysis proposed by Barron and Kenny was applied while controlling the demographic variables. Results: First, the mediating effect of impact on the association between occupational identity and job satisfaction was significant while the effect of occupational identity was not. Therefore, impact fully mediates between occupational identity and job satisfaction. According to the Sobel test, the indirect effect was significant. Second, self-determination fully mediates between occupational identity and job satisfaction. The Sobel test revealed a significant indirect effect. Third, competence fully mediates between occupational identity and job satisfaction. According to the Sobel test, the indirect effect was significant. Lastly, meaningfulness partially mediates between occupational identity and job satisfaction. The mediating effect of meaningfulness on occupational identity and job satisfaction was significant. In addition, the effect of occupational identity on job satisfaction was significant. Thus, the effect of occupational identity was reduced from step 1. Conclusion: The results revealed that golf instructors’high occupational identity may not lead to high job satisfaction if they lack certain elements of empowerment, such as impact, self-determination, and competence. To conclude, for their job satisfaction, it is crucial to promote the instructors’empowerment as well as occupational identity.