기독(목회)상담 수퍼비전의 신학적 원리와 구성

Theological constructions in supervisionfor Christian(Pastoral) counseling

Pastoral theology is a form of theological reflection in which pastoral experience serves as a context for the critical development of basic theological understanding. This article proposes the need for constructing theological frameworks that more adequately addresses pastoral-theological principles embedded in the supervision for Christian(pastoral) counseling by critically correlating historical im-plications of Gordon Kaufman s classification of theological methods for a pastoral theological method for supervision. Traditionally theology amounts to what Harvard theologian Gordon Kaufman labels a first-order event. In this sense, it may be held, theology always presupposes a certain revelation faith, namely the faith that God has in fact revealed Godself and this faith is not it-self subject to theological questioning or doubt. Meanwhile, Kaufman s idea of second-order theology shows every human at-tempt to explain the process to be known its revelation. While the first-order theology stands for biblical counseling, which is centered on God s revelation in counseling, too psychologically oriented ap-proaches to Christian(pastoral) counseling is based on the sec-ond-order theology. In this paper, it should be noted that the task of pastoral theol-ogy, and theological structure for Christian(pastoral) counseling by extension, is more in line with Kaufman s third-order theology. That is to say, theology is a deliberate or human construction of life, focused upon uncovering and exploring the meaning and structures of religious experience within the intrapsychic and cultural production. Pastoral theological reflections in supervision experiences are a her-meneutical proess. Hermeneutics, as a praxis of interpretation, emerged in the radical practice-reflection-practice process in Christian(pastoral) counseling. Noting the distinction between academic and clinical theologies, it is argued that we should take seriously a classical Hiltnerian notion of counselor as a clinical theologian and of clinical case as pastoral event. From a point of pastoral theology as the third-order theology, a sample model of supervision is suggested.