남한사회에서의 북한이탈주민 직장유지경험 연구

North Korean Defectors Experience in Maintaining their Jobs in South Korea

본 연구는 북한이탈주민들이 남한에 정착하여 직장생활을 유지하는 모습에 관심을 두고, 실제로 직장생활을 꾸준히 이끌어가고 있는 북한이탈주민 8명을 선별하여 그들이 남한사회에서 직장생활을 유지하는 체험은 어떤 경험인지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 개별심층인터뷰를 통해 수집된 자료는 현상학적 연구방법(Phenomenological Approach) 중 Colaizzi의 분석방법을 활용하여 분석되었다. 연구결과 114개의 의미있는 진술, 56개의 구성된 의미, 22개의 주제, 그리고 8개의 주제군- ‘처음에는 편견과 무시로 위축됨’, ‘가족의 무게가 달라짐’, ‘생존을 위해 나섬’, ‘마음가짐을 새로이 함’, ‘적극적으로 먼저 다가가 임함’, ‘전략적으로 계획을 세움’, ‘자본주의 실체에 부딪히며 받아들임’, ‘방황의 경험은 나를 성숙케 함’-으로 범주화되어, 이들의 직장생활 유지경험은 고비마다 도전인 새 희망의 터에서 다시 일어서는 삶임을 알 수 있었다. 이 같은 연구결과를 토대로 북한이탈주민의 남한에서의 긍정적인 직장생활유지 강화를 위한 방안을 고찰해 보았다.

This study attempts to develop the understandings of North Korean defectors job maintenance experience in South Korea. Using the Colaizzi s phenomenological approach to understand the reality and participants feelings from their own views in their work place. 8 participants were interviewed during two months. Eventually, the data were categorized into 114 significant statements; 114 significant statements into 56 formulated meanings; 56 formulated meanings into 22 themes, and finally, 22 themes into 8 clusters of themes. 8 clusters of themes were named as withered from being prejudiced , feel responsible for family in the new land‘, struggle to survive , ’refresh one s resolution‘, ’think and act positively at work‘, concrete career planning , keen competing experience in capitalistic society and wandering: transit course for settlement . Feeling responsible for their family, North Korean defectors strives actively to get jobs. However, isolation and discrimination from their colleagues discouraged and frustrated them. Nevertheless they have to stand firm to survive in the society they had chosen. They did their best at work place, formed concrete career plans. They hoped to be specialized in their field and therefore are careful in selecting their job. Still, they were unfamiliar to the keen competing atmosphere of the capitalistic society, but are experiencing the value of the income they make through hard work. This result conveys to us the knowledge about the North Korean defectors job maintenance experience they get through. Based on this understanding, government as well as private sectors should concern about their needs to enhance their stability of their new life in the South.