잠재성장모형과 잠재프로파일 분석을 활용한 학령기 아동의 전반적 행복감 분석

A Longitudinal Study Using Latent Growth Model and Latent Profile Analysis for Overall Happiness of Elementary School Students

본 연구는 학령기 아동(초등 3학년~5학년)의 전반적 행복감의 변화 궤적을 분석하고, 전반적 행복감의 변화 양상에 따른 잠재집단을 추정하였다. 이를 위해 육아정책연구소에서 제공하는 ‘한국아동패널조사'의 10차년도(2017년)~12차년도(2019년)의 3시점 자료를 사용하였다. 잠재성장모형과 잠재프로파일 분석을 적용한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학교 3학년 아동의 전반적 행복감 평균은 학년이 올라갈수록 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부모감독과 또래애착은 초등학교 3학년 시기 아동의 전반적 행복감에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 아동의 전반적 행복감 변화에 따라 ‘행복감-상’, ‘가족행복감-하락’, ‘가족행복감-상승’, ‘행복감-하’ 총 4개의 잠재프로파일로 분류되었다. 넷째, 잠재프로파일별 아동의 삶의 만족도, 자아인식, 학교 적응은 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 학령기 아동의 행복감 증진에 대한 이론적, 실천적 시사점을 제언하였다.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the change pattern of overall happiness in elementary school students children (third to fifth grades), and verify the relationship between variations by categorized potential groups. For this study, data from the 10th data(2017) to the 12th data(2019) of the Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC) provided by the Korean Institute of Child Care and Education(KICCE) were used. The results of the latent growth model and latent profile analysis were as follows. First, it was found that the overall happiness average of third-grade elementary school children decreased as the grade went up. Second, it was found that parental supervision and peer attachment had a significant effect on the overall happiness of children in the third grade of elementary school. Third, children's overall happiness was divided into four latent profiles: “Happiness-up”, “Family Happiness-down”, “Family Happiness-up”, and “Happiness-down”. Fourth, the results of ANOVA analysis of the latent profile showed that children's satisfaction with life, self-awareness, and adaptation to school were significant. Based on the results of this study, theoretical and practical implications for improving the overall happiness of elementary school students are suggested.