학교상담자 소진 관련 변인에 대한 메타분석

A Meta-Analysis of School Counselors’ Burnout Focused on Personal and Environmental Factors

본 연구는 학교상담자의 소진과 관련된 환경 및 개인 요인들의 상관관계 효과크기를 확인하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 조절변인의 효과를 알아보기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 2021년까지 국내 발표된 학위논문과 학술지 논문 중 학교상담자 소진 관련 논문 31편을 선정하여, 변인군을 환경-위험, 환경-보호, 개인-위험, 개인-보호요인으로 분류하였다. 소진에 대한 환경-위험요인, 환경-보호요인의 효과크기는 중간 수준, 개인-위험요인의 효과크기는 큰 수준, 개인-보호요인의 효과크기는 중간 수준으로 나타났다. 연령과 경력에 따른 효과크기 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 대상에 따른 차이로 전문상담교사와 전문상담사 모두 개인-보호요인이 높을수록 소진이 낮았지만, 전문상담교사가 더 큰 부적 관련성을 가지고 있었다. 척도에 따른 차이로 CBI(Counselor Burnout Inventory) 계열과 MBI(Maslach Burnout Inventory) 계열 모두 환경-위험요인이 높을수록 소진이 높았지만, CBI 계열이 더 큰 정적 관련성을 가지고 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the mean effect sizes of the associations between school counselors’ burnout and their related personal and environmental factors, and the effects of moderators on these relations. For the meta-analysis, 31 studies related to school counselors’ burnout were selected from among domestic academic journals and theses published by 2021. The group of variables related to school counselors’ burnout were classified into environmental-risk, environmental-protection, individual-risk, and individual-protection factors, and the analysis results were as follows. The environmental-risk factors and environmental-protection factors on burnout showed a medium-level effect size, the individual-risk factors showed a large-level effect size, and individual-protection factors showed a medium-level effect size. As a result of moderating effect analysis, there were no differences in the effect sizes according to age and work experience, but there were differences in the effect sizes according to the participants and burnout scales. More specifically, for both professional counseling teachers and professional counselors, the higher the personal-protection factor, the lower the burnout, but the professional counseling teachers showed a stronger negative relationship. Also, in both CBI and MBI scales, the higher the environmental-risk factor, the higher the burnout, but the CBI showed a stronger positive relationship. Based on these findings, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.