금강하류지역 청동기시대 묘제의 제사·의례적 성격 고찰

Study on the Characteristics of Rituals at Bronze Age Tombs in the Lower Reaches of the Geum River

본고에서는 금강하류지역 청동기시대 묘제의 제사·의례적 성격에 대하여, 당지 고인돌문화와의 상관성 및 유사한 성격을 보이는 주변 지역과의 비교를 통해, 당시 사회의 묘제에 반영된 신앙과 상장의례의 규범성 즉, 묘제 전통의 형성과정-패턴화라는 측면에서 살펴보았다. 첫째, 금강하류지역 청동기시대 묘제에 반영된 당시 사회의 신앙관과 제사·의례체계의 일면을 고찰하여 당지 고인돌문화와의 상관성문제를 검토하였다. 그 결과 고인돌과 송국리형묘제가 공존하는 송국리 사회의 분묘구역에서 각 묘제의 배치와 상호 관계는 성소내 구조물의 기능적 공간배치로 이해하였다. 둘째, 그러한 송국리 사회의 묘제 전통은 요동과 서북한지역에서 선행되었던 정신문화적 공감대—시조신앙 모티브 공유—의 확장성에 기반한 것으로 본다. 다만 여러 형태의 묘제가 공존하는 복합 분묘구역으로의 성장은 오히려 호서지역 전기문화의 지역적 개성이 발현된 결과로 파악한다. 그것은 시대적 전환기, 시조신앙에 기반하여 사회 안정화를 모색한 송국리 사회 리더들의 전략적 선택으로 이해된다. 요동-서북한-호서지역에 선 구축되었던 고인돌적 전통에 기반하여, 공통의 조상신을 강조하는 방식으로서 금강하류지역 송국리 사회의 묘제 전통이 중축된 것으로 본다.

This study investigates the characteristics of memorial services that reflect the normativity of funeral rituals that took place at the time, which in turn can shed light on the patterns associated with the formation process of tomb traditions. This is done by comparing the tomb system dating to the Bronze Age in the lower reaches of the Geum River to those of the other regions. First, the religious philosophy of the society reflected in the tomb system dating to the Bronze Age in the lower reaches of the Geum River was examined, and the aspects of ancestral rites and ritual services were reviewed and their correlations with the dolmen traditions considered. As a result, it was possible to arrive at an understanding of the layout of the tombs of Songguk-ri society, where dolmens and ‘Songguk-ri type tombs’ coexisted, as well as of their mutual relationships, and the functional layout of space where these structures were located. Second, it was explored how the tradition of the tomb system of Songguk-ri society had been based on the material, mental, and cultural network of diverse forms that that existed beforehand in the Liaodong region and the southern part of North Korea. The formation of the tomb system of Songguk-ri society was seen to have been based on the expansion of a consensus, in which religious motifs associated with the myth on Founding Fathers had been shared. It was observed that the growth of complex tomb systems where tombs of diverse forms coexisted had resulted from the expressions of regional characteristics of the earlier culture of the southwestern part of southern Korea. It was concluded that this may have been the result of the strategic choice made by the leaders of Songguk-ri society who sought to stabilize society based on the belief in the Founding Fathers, at a key turning point in terms of society. The tradition of the tomb system of Songguk-ri society in the lower reaches of the Geum River may have been rebuilt as a way of emphasizing their acceptance of the common myth of the Founding Fathers, utilizing the network consisting of the dolmen tradition, ancestral rites, and ritual services that had been formed earlier in the Liaodong region, the southern part of North Korea, and the southwestern part (Hoseo region) of South Korea.